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@ARTICLE{Babrowski:172269,
      author       = {Babrowski, Sonja and Heinrichs, Heidi and Jochem, Patrick
                      and Fichtner, Wolf},
      title        = {{L}oad shift potential of electric vehicles in {E}urope},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {255},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-05757},
      pages        = {283 - 293},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Many governments highly encourage electric mobility today,
                      aiming at a high market penetration. This development would
                      bring forth an impact on the energy system, which strongly
                      depends on the driving and charging behavior of the users.
                      While an uncontrolled immediate charging might strain the
                      local grid and/or higher peak loads, there are benefits to
                      be gained by a controlled charging. We examine six European
                      mobility studies in order to display the effects of
                      controlled and uncontrolled unidirectional charging. Taking
                      into account country-specific driving patterns, we generate
                      for each country a charging load curve corresponding to
                      uncontrolled charging and consider the corresponding parking
                      time at charging facilities in order to identify load shift
                      potentials. The main results are that besides the charging
                      power of the vehicles, the possibility to charge at the work
                      place has a significant influence on the uncontrolled
                      charging curve. Neither national nor regional differences
                      are as significant. When charging is only possible at home,
                      the vehicle availability at charging facilities during the
                      day for all countries is at least $24\%.$ With the
                      additional possibility to charge at work, at least $45\%$
                      are constantly available. Accordingly, we identified a big
                      potential for load shifting through controlled charging},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {151 - Transformation of Energy Systems (POF2-151)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-151},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000332436400037},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.019},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/172269},
}