TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eder, Fabian
AU  - Schmidt, Marius
AU  - Damian, Thomas
AU  - Träumner, Katja
AU  - Mauder, Matthias
TI  - Meso-scale eddies affect near-surface turbulent exchange: evidence from lidar and tower measurements
JO  - Journal of applied meteorology and climatology
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
SN  - 1558-8432
CY  - Boston, Mass.
PB  - AMS
M1  - FZJ-2014-05773
SP  - 189-206
PY  - 2015
AB  - The eddy-covariance technique tends to underestimate turbulent heat fluxes, which results in nonclosure of the surface energy balance. This study shows experimental evidence that mesoscale turbulent organized structures, which are inherently not captured by the standard eddy-covariance technique, can affect near-surface turbulent exchange. By using a combined setup of three Doppler wind lidars above a cropland-dominated area in Germany, low-frequency turbulent structures were detected in the surface layer down to a few meters above ground. In addition, data from two micrometeorological stations in the study area were analyzed with respect to energy balance closure. In accordance with several previous studies, the data confirm a strong friction velocity dependence of the energy balance residual. At both stations, the energy balance residual was found to be positively correlated with the vertical moisture gradient in the lower atmospheric boundary layer, but at only one station was it correlated with the temperature gradient. This result indicates that mesoscale transport probably contributes more to the latent heat flux than to the sensible heat flux, but this conclusion depends largely on the measurement site. Moreover, flow distortion due to tower mountings and measurement devices affects the energy balance closure considerably for certain wind directions.
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000347953700013
DO  - DOI:10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0140.1
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/172290
ER  -