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@ARTICLE{Punge:1723,
      author       = {Punge, H.J. and Konopka, P. and Giorgetta, M.A. and
                      Müller, R.},
      title        = {{E}ffects of the quasi-biennial oscillation on low-latitude
                      transport in the stratosphere as derived from model driven
                      trajectory calculations},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {114},
      issn         = {0022-1406},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-1723},
      pages        = {D03102},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {This work was supported by the European Commission within
                      the 6th Framework Integrated Project SCOUT-O3. The authors
                      greatly acknowledge the technical support given by Nicole
                      Thomas and valuable comments by Gebhard Gunther.},
      abstract     = {The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of stratospheric zonal
                      winds induces a secondary meridional circulation (SMC)
                      consisting of QBO variations in meridional and vertical
                      winds. In this work, we investigate how these instantaneous
                      meridional circulation anomalies add over time to variations
                      of stratospheric transport. To that end, we compute backward
                      parcel trajectories on the basis of the output of a
                      chemistry-climate model (CCM). At the equator, the
                      trajectories show the strongest vertical parcel displacement
                      over a seasonal timescale when the QBO progresses toward
                      easterly phase in the middle stratosphere. During the
                      solstitial seasons a large number of parcels come from the
                      summer hemisphere, causing in addition a QBO variation in
                      the spread of the total ascent among equatorial parcels. A
                      QBO effect on meridional transport is diagnosed from PV
                      gradients during summer in the easterly phase of the QBO,
                      which suggests a variation of the tropical-subtropical
                      barrier strength. Analyses of the parcel trajectories and
                      CCM trace gas distributions confirm this finding. We suggest
                      that this variation is due to the combined effects of QBO
                      and annual variation in meridional advection and in
                      wave-induced eddy transport.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000263175400003},
      doi          = {10.1029/2008JD010518},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1723},
}