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@ARTICLE{Paetzold:172577,
      author       = {Paetzold, Ulrich W. and Lehnen, Stephan and Bittkau,
                      Karsten and Rau, Uwe and Carius, Reinhard},
      title        = {{N}anoscale {O}bservation of {W}aveguide {M}odes
                      {E}nhancing the {E}fficiency of {S}olar {C}ells},
      journal      = {Nano letters},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {1530-6992},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-06040},
      pages        = {6599 - 6605},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Nanophotonic light management concepts are on the way to
                      advance photovoltaic technologies and accelerate their
                      economical breakthrough. Most of these concepts make use of
                      the coupling of incident sunlight to waveguide modes via
                      nanophotonic structures such as photonic crystals,
                      nanowires, or plasmonic gratings. Experimentally, light
                      coupling to these modes was so far exclusively investigated
                      with indirect and macroscopic methods, and thus, the
                      nanoscale physics of light coupling and propagation of
                      waveguide modes remain vague. In this contribution, we
                      present a nanoscopic observation of light coupling to
                      waveguide modes in a nanophotonic thin-film silicon solar
                      cell. Making use of the subwavelength resolution of the
                      scanning near-field optical microscopy, we resolve the
                      electric field intensities of a propagating waveguide mode
                      at the surface of a state-of-the-art nanophotonic thin-film
                      solar cell. We identify the resonance condition for light
                      coupling to this individual waveguide mode and associate it
                      to a pronounced resonance in the external quantum efficiency
                      that is found to increase significantly the power conversion
                      efficiency of the device. We show that a maximum of the
                      incident light couples to the investigated waveguide mode if
                      the period of the electric field intensity of the waveguide
                      mode matches the periodicity of the nanophotonic
                      twodimensional grating. Our novel experimental approach
                      establishes experimental access to the local analysis of
                      light coupling to waveguide modes in a number of
                      optoelectronic devices concerned with nanophotonic
                      light-trapping as well as nanophotonic light emission.},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {111 - Thin Film Photovoltaics (POF2-111)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000345723800090},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25350265},
      doi          = {10.1021/nl503249n},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/172577},
}