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@ARTICLE{Petrelli:172664,
      author       = {Petrelli and Kaesberg, S. and Barbe, Michael and
                      Timmermann, L. and Rosen, J. and Fink, G. R. and Kessler, J.
                      and Kalbe, E.},
      title        = {{C}ognitive training in {P}arkinson’s disease reduces
                      cognitive decline in the long-term.},
      journal      = {European journal of neurology},
      volume       = {22},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1351-5101},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-06118},
      pages        = {640–647},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Background and purposePatients with Parkinson's disease
                      (PD) are at high risk for cognitive dysfunction.
                      Non-pharmacological interventions have attracted increasing
                      interest for enhancing PD patients' cognitive
                      functions.MethodsOne-year follow-up data (T2) of a
                      randomized controlled trial evaluating two 6-week cognitive
                      trainings – a structured (NEUROvitalis, NV) and an
                      unstructured (mentally fit, MF) program − compared with a
                      waiting list control group (CG) in non-demented PD patients
                      (Hoehn and Yahr I–III) are presented. Forty-seven PD
                      patients were examined at T2. Effects on overall cognitive
                      functions (Mini-Mental State Examination and DemTect) were
                      compared between all groups with repeated measurement
                      analyses of variance. A combined score of the percentage
                      change value from baseline (T0) to T2 was calculated to
                      identify patients who retained or improved their cognitive
                      state (responders). The risk of developing mild cognitive
                      impairment (MCI) was analyzed.ResultsSignificant time ×
                      treatment effects on overall cognitive functions were found
                      for both training groups, each compared separately to the CG
                      (DemTect, P < 0.05). Nine patients $(56.3\%)$ of the NV
                      group, seven $(41.2\%)$ of the MF group and three $(21.4\%)$
                      of the CG were responders. Comparing NV to CG the odds ratio
                      was 4.7 $[95\%$ confidence interval (0.8; 33.3)], and
                      comparing MF to CG it was 2.6 $[95\%$ confidence interval
                      (0.4; 17.4)]. MCI risk for patients without prior MCI was
                      $40.0\%$ in CG, $18.2\%$ in MF and $18.2\%$ in NV. The odds
                      ratio was 3 comparing NV to CG, MF to CG.DiscussionThis
                      study gives evidence that cognitive training may be
                      effective to prevent cognitive decline and onset of MCI in
                      PD patients.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF3-572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000351398900008},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25534579},
      doi          = {10.1111/ene.12621},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/172664},
}