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@ARTICLE{Acker:173116,
      author       = {Acker, Jérôme and Kungl, Hans and Schierholz, Roland and
                      Wagner, Susanne and Eichel, Rüdiger-A. and Hoffmann,
                      Michael J.},
      title        = {{M}icrostructure of sodium-potassium niobate ceramics
                      sintered under high alkaline vapor pressure atmosphere},
      journal      = {Journal of the European Ceramic Society},
      volume       = {34},
      number       = {16},
      issn         = {0955-2219},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-06529},
      pages        = {4213 - 4221},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {One of the most challenging steps in processing sodium
                      potassium niobate (KNN) ceramics is sintering. At
                      temperatures close to the solidus line, the high volatility
                      of the alkaline becomes an issue of major concern for the
                      sintering process. While alkaline evaporation is frequently
                      related to difficulties in densification, few work on the
                      effects of alkaline vapor pressure on microstructure have
                      been reported. KNN materials with alkaline/niobium ratios
                      ranging from 1.02 to 0.98 were sintered at 1105 °C. Two
                      different sintering setups were used. An alkaline rich
                      sintering atmosphere was provided when sintering the
                      materials embedded in (K0.5Na0.5)1.02NbO3 powder, while
                      reference ceramics were sintered in loosely covered
                      crucibles. Resulting from the alkaline content in the
                      sintering atmosphere a shift toward microstructures
                      considered typical for batch compositions with higher
                      alkaline content was detected. Densities decrease for KNN
                      with alkaline excess and stoichiometric KNN, whereas they
                      tend to increase for niobium excess material.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {123 - Fuel Cells (POF2-123) / 152 - Renewable Energies
                      (POF2-152)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-123 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-152},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000343357200011},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.06.021},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/173116},
}