% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Keuters:173157,
      author       = {Keuters, M. H. and Aswendt, M. and Tennstaedt, A. and
                      Wiedermann, D. and Pikhovych, S. and Rotthues, S. and Fink,
                      Gereon Rudolf and Schroeter, M. and Hoehn, M. and Rueger, M.
                      A.},
      title        = {{T}ranscranial direct current stimulation promotes the
                      mobility of engrafted neural stem cells in the rat brain},
      journal      = {NMR in biomedicine},
      volume       = {28},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0952-3480},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-06570},
      pages        = {231 - 239},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is used in
                      numerous clinical studies and considered an effective and
                      versatile add-on therapy in neurorehabilitation. To date,
                      however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain
                      elusive. In a rat model of tDCS, we recently observed a
                      polarity-dependent accumulation of endogenous neural stem
                      cells (NSCs) in the stimulated cortex. Based upon these
                      findings, we hypothesized that tDCS may exert a direct
                      migratory effect on endogenous NSCs towards the stimulated
                      cortex. Using noninvasive imaging, we here investigated
                      whether tDCS may also cause a directed migration of
                      engrafted NSCs. Murine NSCs were labeled with
                      superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (SPIOs) and
                      implanted into rat striatum and corpus callosum. MRI was
                      performed (i) immediately after implantation and (ii) after
                      10 tDCS sessions of anodal or cathodal polarity.
                      Sham-stimulated rats served as control. Imaging results were
                      validated ex vivo using immunohistochemistry. Overall
                      migratory activity of NSCs almost doubled after anodal tDCS.
                      However, no directed migration within the electric field
                      (i.e. towards or away from the electrode) could be observed.
                      Rather, an undirected outward migration from the center of
                      the graft was detected. Xenograft transplantation induced a
                      neuroinflammatory response that was significantly enhanced
                      following cathodal tDCS. This inflammatory response did not
                      impact negatively on the survival of implanted NSCs. Data
                      suggest that anodal tDCS increases the undirected migratory
                      activity of implanted NSCs. Since the electric field did not
                      guide implanted NSCs over large distances, previously
                      observed polarity-dependent accumulation of endogenous NSCs
                      in the cortex might have originated from local
                      proliferation. Results enhance our understanding of the
                      neurobiological mechanisms underlying tDCS, and may thereby
                      help to develop a targeted and sustainable application of
                      tDCS in clinical practice},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF3-572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000349070900010},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25521600},
      doi          = {10.1002/nbm.3244},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/173157},
}