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@ARTICLE{Ueda:173218,
      author       = {Ueda, Y. and Coenen, J. W. and De Temmerman, G. and
                      Doerner, R. P. and Linke, J. and Philipps, V. and Tsitrone,
                      E.},
      title        = {{R}esearch status and issues of tungsten plasma facing
                      materials for {ITER} and beyond},
      journal      = {Fusion engineering and design},
      volume       = {89},
      number       = {7-8},
      issn         = {0920-3796},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-06629},
      pages        = {901-906},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {This review summarizes surface morphology changes of
                      tungsten caused by heat and particle loadings from edge
                      plasmas, and their effects on enhanced erosion and material
                      lifetime in ITER and beyond. Pulsed heat loadings by
                      transients (disruption and ELM) are the largest concerns due
                      to surface melting, cracking, and dust formation. Hydrogen
                      induced blistering is unlikely to be an issue of ITER.
                      Helium bombardment would cause surface morphology changes
                      such as W fuzz, He holes, and nanometric bubble layers,
                      which could lead to enhanced erosion (e.g. unipolar arcing
                      of W fuzz). Particle loadings could enhance pulsed heat
                      effects (cracking and erosion) due to surface layer
                      embrittlement by nanometric bubbles and solute atoms. But
                      pulsed heat loadings alleviate surfaces morphology changes
                      in some cases (He holes by ELM-like heat pulses). Effects of
                      extremely high fluence (∼1030 m−2), mixed materials, and
                      neutron irradiation are important issues to be pursued for
                      ITER and beyond. In addition, surface refurbishment to
                      prolong material lifetime is also an important issue},
      cin          = {IEK-4 / IEK-2},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {135 - Plasma-wall interactions (POF2-135)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-135},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000341465400006},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.02.078},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/173218},
}