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@ARTICLE{Fadnavis:173253,
      author       = {Fadnavis, S. and Schultz, Martin and Semeniuk, K. and
                      Mahajan, A. S. and Pozzoli, L. and Sonbawne, S. and Ghude,
                      S. D. and Kiefer, M. and Eckert, E.},
      title        = {{T}rends in peroxyacetyl nitrate ({PAN}) in the upper
                      troposphere and lower stratosphere over southern {A}sia
                      during the summer monsoon season: regional impacts},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {23},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-06664},
      pages        = {12725 - 12743},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {We analyze temporal trends of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)
                      retrievals from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive
                      Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) during 2002–2011 in the
                      altitude range 8–23 km over the Asian summer monsoon (ASM)
                      region. The greatest enhancements of PAN mixing ratios in
                      the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) are seen
                      during the summer monsoon season from June to September.
                      During the monsoon season, the mole fractions of PAN show
                      statistically significant (at 2σ) positive trends from 0.2
                      ± 0.05 to 4.6 ± 3.1 ppt yr−1 (except between 12 and 14
                      km) which is higher than the annual mean trends of 0.1 ±
                      0.05 to 2.7 ± 0.8 ppt yr−1. These rising concentrations
                      point to increasing NOx (= NO + NO2) and volatile organic
                      compound (VOC) emissions from developing nations in Asia,
                      notably India and China.We analyze the influence of monsoon
                      convection on the distribution of PAN in UTLS with
                      simulations using the global chemistry–climate model
                      ECHAM5-HAMMOZ. During the monsoon, transport into the UTLS
                      over the Asian region primarily occurs from two convective
                      zones, one the South China Sea and the other over the
                      southern flank of the Himalayas.India and China host
                      NOx-limited regimes for ozone photochemical production, and
                      thus we use the model to evaluate the contributions from
                      enhanced NOx emissions to the changes in PAN, HNO3 and O3
                      concentrations in the UTLS. From a set of sensitivity
                      experiments with emission changes in particular regions, it
                      can be concluded that Chinese emissions have a greater
                      impact on the concentrations of these species than Indian
                      emissions. According to SCanning Imaging Absorption
                      SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) NO2
                      retrievals NOx emissions increases over India have been
                      about half of those over China between 2002 and 2011.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {233 - Trace gas and aerosol processes in the troposphere
                      (POF2-233)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-233},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000346140100008},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-14-12725-2014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/173253},
}