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@ARTICLE{GarciaFresnillo:173267,
      author       = {Garcia-Fresnillo, L. and Chyrkin, Anton and Boehme, C. and
                      Barnikel, J. and Schmitz, F. and Quadakkers, Willem J.},
      title        = {{O}xidation {B}ehaviour and {M}icrostructural {S}tability
                      of {A}lloy 625 {D}uring {L}ong-{T}erm {E}xposure in {S}team},
      journal      = {Journal of materials science},
      volume       = {49},
      number       = {17},
      issn         = {0022-2461},
      address      = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-06678},
      pages        = {6127-6142},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Nickel-based alloys are being considered as construction
                      materials for various components in high-efficiency steam
                      turbines with envisaged operating temperatures around 700
                      °C. In the present study, the steam oxidation behaviour of
                      the nickel-based alloy 625 in the temperature range of
                      700–800 °C was investigated whereby exposures up to 10000
                      h were carried out. Gravimetric data in combination with
                      results from a variety of post exposure analysis techniques
                      showed in all cases the formation of protective oxide scales
                      mainly consisting of chromia with minor amounts of outer
                      Cr/Mn spinel and internal silica. The phases found in the
                      bulk alloy after long-term exposure were mainly
                      needle-shaped δ-Ni3(Nb,Mo) phase, μ-phase and Si-rich
                      η-M6C carbide. Microstructural features and phase formation
                      were found to be related to minor variations in the alloy
                      composition, especially iron and silicon content. The
                      oxidation-induced chromium depletion caused a number of
                      microstructural changes in the subsurface depletion layer.
                      Most important was an enrichment of the intermetallic
                      δ-phase at the scale–alloy interface. DICTRA modelling
                      revealed this effect to be caused by uphill diffusion as a
                      result of a negative niobium activity gradient in the
                      subscale chromium depletion zone. Although the available
                      kinetic and thermodynamic data allowed qualitative
                      explanation of the δ-phase enrichment, the databases do not
                      correctly describe the high molybdenum solubility in the
                      δ-phase.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {122 - Power Plants (POF2-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-122},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000337507100035},
      doi          = {10.1007/s10853-014-8344-7},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/173267},
}