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@PHDTHESIS{Becker:173366,
      author       = {Becker, Jan Philipp},
      title        = {{E}lectrochemical {T}exturing and {D}eposition of
                      {T}ransparent {C}onductive {O}xide {L}ayers for the
                      {A}pplication in {S}ilicon {T}hin-{F}ilm {S}olar {C}ells},
      volume       = {247},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-06776},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {ix, 156, XXIV S.},
      year         = {2015},
      note         = {RWTH Aachen, Diss., 2014},
      abstract     = {Doped zinc oxide layers are widely used in thin-film solar
                      cells for several purposes, for instance as transparent
                      contacts, as a source of light scattering and as part of the
                      back reflector. Magnetron sputtered, aluminum-doped zinc
                      oxide thin films provide very high transparency and
                      conductivity, and are usually flat in the as-deposited
                      state. To introduce light scattering, a surface texture is
                      conventionally introduced by post-deposition etching in
                      diluted hydrochloric acid. However, the ability to obtain
                      suitable surface morphologies by chemical dissolution is
                      strongly dependent on the deposition process. Thus,
                      optimization of zinc oxide thin films requires a careful
                      trade-off between optical, electric, and morphological
                      properties. This markedly limits the process window and
                      excludes layers with excellent optical and electric
                      properties due to a lack of suitable texturing processes.
                      Electrochemical methods can help to overcome these
                      limitations by making novel zinc oxide structures
                      accessible. Both deposition and dissolution can be achieved
                      using electrochemical methods. In this context, an advanced
                      understanding of the stability of polycrystalline zinc oxide
                      thin films in aqueous solutions is crucial. This work
                      investigates the zinc oxide/electrolyte interface under
                      various conditions in order to further the understanding of
                      the interfacial reactions and the zinc oxide itself.
                      Cathodic electrochemical deposition was used for the growth
                      of zinc oxide films and nano-structures from aqueous
                      solutions. This method utilizes specific manipulation of the
                      interfacial pH at the substrate surface by reduction of a
                      suitable precursor such as nitrate or molecular oxygen. The
                      dependence of the zinc oxide precipitation and
                      crystallization on several parameters such as the deposition
                      potential, the bath temperature, the substrate, and the
                      composition of the electrolyte were investigated.
                      Temperatures above 50 $^{\circ}$C were found to be necessary
                      for the crystallization of well defined hexagonal crystals.
                      The comparison of electrochemical deposition on indium tin
                      oxide and zinc oxide substrates revealed the fundamental
                      influence of the substrate on the nucleation. While the
                      growth on zinc oxide seed layers seemed to proceed
                      epitaxially, conserving the preferential c-axis orientation
                      and crystallite size of the substrate, the nucleation on
                      indium tin oxide substrates depended largely on the applied
                      potential. With increasing cathodic potential the density of
                      nucleation sites increased. The crystallite size decreased
                      simultaneously.},
      keywords     = {Dissertation (GND)},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/173366},
}