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@ARTICLE{Bechtold:17431,
      author       = {Bechtold, M. and Haber-Pohlmeier, S. and Vanderborght, J.
                      and Pohlmeier, A. and Ferre, T.P.A. and Verreecken, H.},
      title        = {{N}ear-surface solute redistribution during evaporation},
      journal      = {Geophysical research letters},
      volume       = {38},
      issn         = {0094-8276},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {American Geophysical Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-17431},
      pages        = {L17404},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {We thank Patrick Wunnemann from Aachen university and
                      Dagmar van Dusschoten of the Eco-NMR center at the IBG-3
                      (Forschungszentrum Julich) for their help during the MRI
                      measurements, and Odilia Esser for the dye analysis. Jan
                      Vanderborght would like to acknowledge the DFG funded
                      research project Multi-scale Interfaces in Unsaturated Soil
                      (MUSIS, FOR 1083).},
      abstract     = {We present results from solute transport experiments in an
                      evaporating composite porous medium consisting of a
                      cylindrical inner core with coarse sand that was surrounded
                      by a mantle with fine sand. Small volumes of dye and salt
                      tracer were applied at the surface of the fine material of
                      the evaporating column. The pressure head at the bottom
                      boundary was kept constant using a hanging water table
                      ensuring liquid phase continuity to top surface in both fine
                      and coarse material, whereby the latter was hydraulically
                      less conductive at these pressure conditions. Contrary to
                      the expectation that solute accumulation at an evaporating
                      surface is proportional to local cumulative evaporation,
                      high concentration spots developed at the surface of the
                      coarse material, for which IR surface temperature
                      measurements did not indicate higher evaporation fluxes. 3D
                      unsaturated flow and transport simulations and a second
                      tracer experiment monitored with magnetic resonance imaging
                      (MRI) demonstrated that preferential upward water flux in
                      the fine sand deeper in the column and near-surface lateral
                      water flow from the fine into the coarse sand in combination
                      with a downward diffusive flux are responsible for the local
                      solute accumulation. We propose that at the wet regions of a
                      soil surface, solute accumulation is largely decoupled from
                      local evaporation fluxes and strongly governed by relative
                      differences of the hydraulic conductivities. The possible
                      formation of high solute concentration spots at the surface
                      of coarser regions usually representing preferential flow
                      pathways during strong precipitation may have an
                      accelerating effect on the leaching of solutes. Citation:
                      Bechtold, M., S. Haber-Pohlmeier, J. Vanderborght, A.
                      Pohlmeier, T. P. A. Ferre, and H. Vereecken (2011),
                      Near-surface solute redistribution during evaporation,
                      Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17404, doi:10.1029/2011GL048147.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Geosciences, Multidisciplinary},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000294785500001},
      doi          = {10.1029/2011GL048147},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/17431},
}