TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spindler, N.
AU  - Galvosas, P.
AU  - Pohlmeier, A.
AU  - Vereecken, H.
TI  - NMR velocimetry with 13-interval stimulated echo multi-slice imaging in natural porous media under low flow rates
JO  - Journal of magnetic resonance
VL  - 212
SN  - 1090-7807
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
PB  - Elsevier
M1  - PreJuSER-17433
SP  - 216 - 223
PY  - 2011
N1  - We gratefully acknowledge financial support by German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), the Virtual Institute of Portable NMR funded by the Helmholtz Association (HGF) as well as the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology.
AB  - Characterization and quantification of root water uptake processes play a key role in understanding and managing the effects of global climate change on agricultural production and ecosystem dynamics. Part of this understanding is related to the flow of water towards plant roots in soils. In this study we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that fluid flow in the voids of the pore space of a model soil system (natural sand) can be detected and mapped to an NMR image for mean flows as low as 0.06 mm/s even under the influence of internal magnetic field gradients. To accomplish this we combined multi-slice imaging with a 13-interval pulse sequence to the NMR pulse sequence 13-interval stimulated echo multi-slice imaging (13-interval STEMSI). The result is a largely reduced influence of the internal magnetic field gradients, leading to an improved signal-to-noise ratio which in turn enables one to acquire velocity maps where conventional stimulated echo methods fail.
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Artifacts
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Computer Simulation
KW  - Electromagnetic Fields
KW  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
KW  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging: methods
KW  - Normal Distribution
KW  - Plant Roots: metabolism
KW  - Porosity
KW  - Signal-To-Noise Ratio
KW  - Silicon Dioxide
KW  - Soil: analysis
KW  - Water: metabolism
KW  - Soil (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Silicon Dioxide (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Water (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - J (WoSType)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:21802966
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000294750500026
DO  - DOI:10.1016/j.jmr.2011.07.004
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/17433
ER  -