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@ARTICLE{Spindler:17433,
      author       = {Spindler, N. and Galvosas, P. and Pohlmeier, A. and
                      Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{NMR} velocimetry with 13-interval stimulated echo
                      multi-slice imaging in natural porous media under low flow
                      rates},
      journal      = {Journal of magnetic resonance},
      volume       = {212},
      issn         = {1090-7807},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-17433},
      pages        = {216 - 223},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {We gratefully acknowledge financial support by German
                      Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), the Virtual Institute of
                      Portable NMR funded by the Helmholtz Association (HGF) as
                      well as the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and
                      Technology.},
      abstract     = {Characterization and quantification of root water uptake
                      processes play a key role in understanding and managing the
                      effects of global climate change on agricultural production
                      and ecosystem dynamics. Part of this understanding is
                      related to the flow of water towards plant roots in soils.
                      In this study we demonstrate for the first time, to our
                      knowledge, that fluid flow in the voids of the pore space of
                      a model soil system (natural sand) can be detected and
                      mapped to an NMR image for mean flows as low as 0.06 mm/s
                      even under the influence of internal magnetic field
                      gradients. To accomplish this we combined multi-slice
                      imaging with a 13-interval pulse sequence to the NMR pulse
                      sequence 13-interval stimulated echo multi-slice imaging
                      (13-interval STEMSI). The result is a largely reduced
                      influence of the internal magnetic field gradients, leading
                      to an improved signal-to-noise ratio which in turn enables
                      one to acquire velocity maps where conventional stimulated
                      echo methods fail.},
      keywords     = {Algorithms / Artifacts / Calibration / Computer Simulation
                      / Electromagnetic Fields / Image Processing,
                      Computer-Assisted / Magnetic Resonance Imaging: methods /
                      Normal Distribution / Plant Roots: metabolism / Porosity /
                      Signal-To-Noise Ratio / Silicon Dioxide / Soil: analysis /
                      Water: metabolism / Soil (NLM Chemicals) / Silicon Dioxide
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Water (NLM Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Biochemical Research Methods / Physics, Atomic, Molecular
                      $\&$ Chemical / Spectroscopy},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:21802966},
      UT           = {WOS:000294750500026},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jmr.2011.07.004},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/17433},
}