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000017546 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129141$$aPlöger, F.$$b0$$uFZJ
000017546 245__ $$aHorizontal transport affecting trace gas seasonality in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL)
000017546 260__ $$aWashington, DC$$bUnion$$c2012
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000017546 440_0 $$06393$$aJournal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres$$v117$$x0148-0227$$yD09303
000017546 500__ $$3POF3_Assignment on 2016-02-29
000017546 500__ $$aWe thank M. Volk and Bill Randel for helpful discussions and the ECMWF for providing the reanalysis data. F. Ploeger thanks COST for funding a Short Term Scientific Mission at DAMTP/Cambridge.
000017546 520__ $$aWe analyze horizontal transport from midlatitudes into the tropics (in-mixing) and its impact on seasonal variations of ozone, carbon monoxide and water vapor in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL). For this purpose, we use three-dimensional backward trajectories, driven by ECMWF ERA-Interim winds, and a conceptual one-dimensional model of the chemical composition of the TTL. We find that the fraction of in-mixed midlatitude air shows an annual cycle with maximum during NH summer, resulting from the superposition of two inversely phased annual cycles for in-mixing from the NH and SH, respectively. In-mixing is driven by the monsoonal upper-level anticyclonic circulations. This circulation pattern is dominated by the Southeast Asian summer monsoon and, correspondingly, in-mixing shows an annual cycle. The impact of in-mixing on TTL mixing ratios depends on the in-mixed fraction of midlatitude air and on the meridional gradient of the particular species. For CO the meridional gradient and consequently the effect of in-mixing is weak. For water vapor, in-mixing effects are negligible. For ozone, the meridional gradient is large and the contribution of in-mixing to the ozone maximum during NH summer is about 50%. This in-mixing contribution is not sensitive to the tropical ascent velocity, which is about 40% too fast in ERA-Interim. As photochemically produced ozone in the TTL shows no distinct summer maximum, the ozone annual anomaly in the upper TTL turns out to be mainly forced by in-mixing of ozone-rich extratropical air during NH summer.
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000017546 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129130$$aKonopka, P.$$b1$$uFZJ
000017546 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129138$$aMüller, R.$$b2$$uFZJ
000017546 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFueglistaler, S.$$b3
000017546 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchmidt, T.$$b4
000017546 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aManners, J.C.$$b5
000017546 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129122$$aGrooß, J.-U.$$b6$$uFZJ
000017546 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129123$$aGünther, G.$$b7$$uFZJ
000017546 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129145$$aRiese, M.$$b8$$uFZJ
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000017546 8567_ $$uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017267
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