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@ARTICLE{Chemel:1757,
      author       = {Chemel, C. and Russo, M.R. and Pyle, J. and Sokhi, R.S. and
                      Schiller, C.},
      title        = {{Q}uantifiying the {I}mprint of a {S}evere {H}ector
                      {T}hunderstorm during {ACTIVE}/{SCOUT}-{O}3 onto the {W}ater
                      {C}ontent in the {U}pper {T}roposphere/{L}ower
                      {S}tratosphere},
      journal      = {Monthly Weather Review},
      volume       = {137},
      issn         = {0027-0644},
      address      = {Washington, DC [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {AMS},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-1757},
      pages        = {2493 - 2514},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {We appreciate the tremendous efforts of the ACTIVE/SCOUT-O3
                      PIs as well as all those who made the IOPs so successful.
                      MRR and JAP acknowledge the U. K. Natural Environment
                      Research Council (NERC) and the U. K. National Center for
                      Atmospheric Science (NCAS) for their funding as part of
                      ACTIVE. MRR, JAP, and CS thank the European Commission for
                      their funding as part of SCOUT-O3. The Australian Bureau of
                      Meteorology is acknowledged for having made the BMRC/NCAR
                      C-POL radar data available for this work. CC thanks E. D.
                      Grell for providing help with the implementation of the
                      add-on LES module for ARW. The images of Fig. 3 were derived
                      from MTSAT-1R satellite imagery available from the
                      Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program archive.
                      Time-consuming computations were performed with the HECToR
                      and HPCx U. K. national supercomputing facilities, which
                      were accessed through NCAS. We thank the Met Office and the
                      NCAS Computational Modelling Services for helping with
                      UM-related issues.},
      abstract     = {The development of a severe Hector thunderstorm that formed
                      over the Tiwi Islands, north of Australia, during the
                      Aerosol and Chemical Transport in Tropical
                      Convection/Stratospheric-Climate Links with Emphasis on the
                      Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (ACTIVE/SCOUT-O3)
                      field campaign in late 2005, is simulated by the Advanced
                      Research Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW) model and
                      the Met Office Unified Model (UM). The general aim of this
                      paper is to investigate the role of isolated deep convection
                      over the tropics in regulating the water content in the
                      upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS). Using a
                      horizontal resolution as fine as 1 km, the numerical
                      simulations reproduce the timing, structure, and strength of
                      Hector fairly well when compared with field campaign
                      observations. The sensitivity of results from ARW to
                      horizontal resolution is investigated by running the model
                      in a large-eddy simulation mode with a horizontal resolution
                      of 250 m. While refining the horizontal resolution to 250 m
                      leads to a better representation of convection with respect
                      to rainfall, the characteristics of the Hector thunderstorm
                      are basically similar in space and time to those obtained in
                      the 1-km-horizontal-resolution simulations. Several
                      overshooting updrafts penetrating the tropopause are
                      produced in the simulations during the mature stage of
                      Hector. The penetration of rising towering cumulus clouds
                      into the LS maintains the entrainment of air at the
                      interface between the UT and the LS. Vertical exchanges
                      resulting from this entrainment process have a significant
                      impact on the redistribution of atmospheric constituents
                      within the UT/LS region at the scale of the islands. In
                      particular, a large amount of water is injected in the LS.
                      The fate of the ice particles as Hector develops drives the
                      water vapor mixing ratio to saturation by sublimation of the
                      injected ice particles, moistening the air in the LS. The
                      moistening was found to be fairly significant above 380 K
                      and averaged about 0.06 ppmv in the range 380-420 K for ARW.
                      As for UM, the moistening was found to be much larger (about
                      2.24 ppmv in the range of 380-420 K) than for ARW. This
                      result confirms that convective transport can play an
                      important role in regulating the water vapor mixing ratio in
                      the LS.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000269348600006},
      doi          = {10.1175/2008MWR2666.1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1757},
}