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@ARTICLE{Strawbridge:17725,
      author       = {Strawbridge, R.J. and et, al},
      title        = {{G}enome-wide association identifies nine common variants
                      associated with fasting proinsulin levels and provides new
                      insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes},
      journal      = {Diabetes},
      volume       = {60},
      issn         = {0012-1797},
      address      = {Alexandria, Va},
      publisher    = {Assoc.},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-17725},
      pages        = {2624 - 2634},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Proinsulin is a precursor of mature insulin and C-peptide.
                      Higher circulating proinsulin levels are associated with
                      impaired β-cell function, raised glucose levels, insulin
                      resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Studies of the
                      insulin processing pathway could provide new insights about
                      T2D pathophysiology.We have conducted a meta-analysis of
                      genome-wide association tests of ∼2.5 million genotyped or
                      imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and fasting
                      proinsulin levels in 10,701 nondiabetic adults of European
                      ancestry, with follow-up of 23 loci in up to 16,378
                      individuals, using additive genetic models adjusted for age,
                      sex, fasting insulin, and study-specific covariates.Nine
                      SNPs at eight loci were associated with proinsulin levels (P
                      < 5 × 10(-8)). Two loci (LARP6 and SGSM2) have not been
                      previously related to metabolic traits, one (MADD) has been
                      associated with fasting glucose, one (PCSK1) has been
                      implicated in obesity, and four (TCF7L2, SLC30A8,
                      VPS13C/C2CD4A/B, and ARAP1, formerly CENTD2) increase T2D
                      risk. The proinsulin-raising allele of ARAP1 was associated
                      with a lower fasting glucose (P = 1.7 × 10(-4)), improved
                      β-cell function (P = 1.1 × 10(-5)), and lower risk of T2D
                      (odds ratio 0.88; P = 7.8 × 10(-6)). Notably, PCSK1 encodes
                      the protein prohormone convertase 1/3, the first enzyme in
                      the insulin processing pathway. A genotype score composed of
                      the nine proinsulin-raising alleles was not associated with
                      coronary disease in two large case-control datasets.We have
                      identified nine genetic variants associated with fasting
                      proinsulin. Our findings illuminate the biology underlying
                      glucose homeostasis and T2D development in humans and argue
                      against a direct role of proinsulin in coronary artery
                      disease pathogenesis.},
      keywords     = {Adult / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: blood / Diabetes
                      Mellitus, Type 2: genetics / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2:
                      metabolism / Fasting: blood / Female / Genetic Variation /
                      Genome, Human / Genotype / Humans / Insulin: blood / Male /
                      Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: genetics / Proinsulin:
                      blood / Insulin (NLM Chemicals) / Proinsulin (NLM Chemicals)
                      / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {INM-1},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-1-20090406},
      pnm          = {Funktion und Dysfunktion des Nervensystems},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK409},
      shelfmark    = {Endocrinology $\&$ Metabolism},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:21873549},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC3178302},
      UT           = {WOS:000295998700022},
      doi          = {10.2337/db11-0415},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/17725},
}