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@ARTICLE{Tressol:1794,
      author       = {Tressol, M. and Ordonez, C. and Zbinden, R. and Brioude, J.
                      and Thouret, V. and Mari, C. and Nedelec, P. and Cammas,
                      J.-P. and Smit, H. and Pätz, H.-W. and Volz-Thomas, A.},
      title        = {{A}ir pollution during the 2003 {E}uropean heat wave as
                      seen by {MOZAIC} airliners},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {8},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-1794},
      pages        = {2133 - 2150},
      year         = {2008},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {This study presents an analysis of both MOZAIC profiles
                      above Frankfurt and Lagrangian dispersion model simulations
                      for the 2003 European heat wave. The comparison of MOZAIC
                      measurements in summer 2003 with the 11-year MOZAIC
                      climatology reflects strong temperature anomalies (exceeding
                      4 degrees C) throughout the lower troposphere. Higher
                      positive anomalies of temperature and negative anomalies of
                      both wind speed and relative humidity are found for the
                      period defined here as the heat wave (2-14 August 2003),
                      compared to the periods before (16-31 July 2003) and after
                      (16-31 August 2003) the heat wave. In addition, Lagrangian
                      model simulations in backward mode indicate the suppressed
                      long- range transport in the mid- to lower troposphere and
                      the enhanced southern origin of air masses for all
                      tropospheric levels during the heat wave. Ozone and carbon
                      monoxide also present strong anomalies (both similar to+ 40
                      ppbv) during the heat wave, with a maximum vertical
                      extension reaching 6 km altitude around 11 August 2003.
                      Pollution in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is enhanced
                      during the day, with ozone mixing ratios two times higher
                      than climatological values. This is due to a combination of
                      factors, such as high temperature and radiation, stagnation
                      of air masses and weak dry deposition, which favour the
                      accumulation of ozone precursors and the build-up of ozone.
                      A negligible role of a stratospheric- origin ozone tracer
                      has been found for the lower troposphere in this study. From
                      29 July to 15 August 2003 forest fires burnt around 0.3 x
                      10(6) ha in Portugal and added to atmospheric pollution in
                      Europe. Layers with enhanced CO and NOy mixing ratios,
                      advected from Portugal, were crossed by the MOZAIC aircraft
                      in the free troposphere over Frankfurt. A series of forward
                      and backward Lagrangian model simulations have been
                      performed to investigate the origin of anomalies during the
                      whole heat wave. European anthropogenic emissions present
                      the strongest contribution to the measured CO levels in the
                      lower troposphere (near $30\%).$ This source is followed by
                      Portuguese forest fires which affect the lower troposphere
                      after 6 August 2003 and even the PBL around 10 August 2003.
                      The averaged biomass burning contribution reaches $35\%$
                      during the affected period. Anthropogenic CO of North
                      American origin only marginally influences CO levels over
                      Europe during that period.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000255511300001},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1794},
}