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@ARTICLE{Valov:18278,
      author       = {Valov, I. and Luerssen, B. and Mutoro, E. and Gregoratti,
                      L. and deSouza, R.A. and Bredow, T. and Günther, S. and
                      Barinov, A. and Dudin, P. and Martin, M. and Janek, J.},
      title        = {{E}lectrochemical activation of molecular nitrogen at the
                      {I}r/{YSZ} interface},
      journal      = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics},
      volume       = {13},
      issn         = {1463-9076},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {RSC Publ.},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-18278},
      pages        = {3394 - 3410},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Nitrogen is often used as an inert background atmosphere in
                      solid state studies of electrode and reaction kinetics, of
                      solid state studies of transport phenomena, and in
                      applications e.g. solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), sensors and
                      membranes. Thus, chemical and electrochemical reactions of
                      oxides related to or with dinitrogen are not supposed and in
                      general not considered. We demonstrate by a steady state
                      electrochemical polarisation experiments complemented with
                      in situ photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that at a
                      temperature of 450 °C dinitrogen can be electrochemically
                      activated at the three phase boundary between N(2), a metal
                      microelectrode and one of the most widely used solid oxide
                      electrolytes--yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ)--at
                      potentials more negative than E = -1.25 V. The process is
                      neither related to a reduction of the electrolyte nor to an
                      adsorption process or a purely chemical reaction but is
                      electrochemical in nature. Only at potentials more negative
                      than E = -2 V did new components of Zr 3d and Y 3d signals
                      with a lower formal charge appear, thus indicating
                      electrochemical reduction of the electrolyte matrix.
                      Theoretical model calculations suggest the presence of
                      anionic intermediates with delocalized electrons at the
                      electrode/electrolyte reaction interface. The ex situ SIMS
                      analysis confirmed that nitrogen is incorporated and
                      migrates into the electrolyte beneath the electrode.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {JARA-FIT / PGI-7},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$ / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-7-20110106},
      pnm          = {Grundlagen für zukünftige Informationstechnologien},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK412},
      shelfmark    = {Chemistry, Physical / Physics, Atomic, Molecular $\&$
                      Chemical},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:21221435},
      UT           = {WOS:000287041700046},
      doi          = {10.1039/c0cp01024c},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/18278},
}