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@ARTICLE{Hoffstaedter:18375,
      author       = {Hoffstaedter, F. and Sarlon, J. and Grefkes, C. and
                      Eickhoff, S.B.},
      title        = {{I}nternally vs. externally triggered movements in patients
                      with major depression},
      journal      = {Behavioural brain research},
      volume       = {228},
      issn         = {0166-4328},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-18375},
      pages        = {125 - 132},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {This work was partly funded by the Human Brain Project
                      (R01-MH074457-01A1; S.B.E.), the Initiative and Networking
                      Fund of the Helmholtz Association within the Helmholtz
                      Alliance on Systems Biology (Human Brain Model; S.B.E.) and
                      the DFG (IRTG 1328, S.B.E.).},
      abstract     = {Psychomotor retardation is a prominent clinical feature of
                      major depression. While several studies investigated these
                      deficits, differences between internally and externally
                      triggered response selection and initiation are less well
                      understood. In the current study, we delineate internally
                      vs. externally driven response selection and initiation in
                      depression and their relation to basic psychomotor
                      functioning.20 inpatients diagnosed with a (unipolar) major
                      depression and 20 closely matched healthy controls performed
                      a computerized motor paradigm assessing differences between
                      internally and externally cued movements. Psychomotor
                      performance and basic memory functions were assessed using a
                      neuropsychological test-battery. To examine within group
                      homogeneity a multivariate clustering approach was
                      applied.Patients featured a global slowing of internally and
                      externally cued response selection compared to controls, as
                      well as impairments in basic psychomotor functioning. Yet,
                      basic motor speed was preserved. Furthermore, patients were
                      more severely impaired when movements involved internal
                      response selection. The data-driven clustering revealed two
                      patient subgroups, which both showed psychomotor
                      disturbances, while only one featured slowing of response
                      selection.The results suggest a differential rather than a
                      global psychomotor slowing in major depression with specific
                      impairments of visuospatial and attentional processing as
                      cognitive aspects of psychomotor functioning. As found for
                      depression, in Parkinson's disease internally cued movements
                      are more severely affected than externally cued reactions.
                      Both may therefore be caused by dopaminergic deregulation
                      due to frontostriatal deficits. Finally, multivariate
                      clustering of behavioral data may be a promising future
                      approach to identify subtypes of psychomotor or cognitive
                      disturbances in different patient populations.},
      keywords     = {Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Antidepressive Agents:
                      pharmacology / Antidepressive Agents: therapeutic use /
                      Aptitude Tests: statistics $\&$ numerical data /
                      Case-Control Studies / Cues / Depressive Disorder, Major:
                      diagnosis / Depressive Disorder, Major: drug therapy /
                      Depressive Disorder, Major: physiopathology / Female /
                      Humans / Male / Middle Aged / Movement: drug effects /
                      Movement: physiology / Neuropsychological Tests: statistics
                      $\&$ numerical data / Psychomotor Performance: drug effects
                      / Psychomotor Performance: physiology / Severity of Illness
                      Index / Antidepressive Agents (NLM Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {INM-2 / INM-1},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-2-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-1-20090406},
      pnm          = {Funktion und Dysfunktion des Nervensystems (FUEK409) /
                      89571 - Connectivity and Activity (POF2-89571)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK409 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89571},
      shelfmark    = {Behavioral Sciences / Neurosciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:22142951},
      UT           = {WOS:000300472600016},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.bbr.2011.11.024},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/18375},
}