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@ARTICLE{Schiller:185550,
      author       = {Schiller, Ulf D.},
      title        = {{A} unified operator splitting approach for multi-scale
                      fluid–particle coupling in the lattice {B}oltzmann
                      method},
      journal      = {Computer physics communications},
      volume       = {185},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {0010-4655},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {North Holland Publ. Co.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-06977},
      pages        = {2586 - 2597},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {A unified framework to derive discrete time-marching
                      schemes for the coupling of immersed solid and elastic
                      objects to the lattice Boltzmann method is presented. Based
                      on operator splitting for the discrete Boltzmann equation,
                      second-order time-accurate schemes for the immersed boundary
                      method, viscous force coupling and external boundary force
                      are derived. Furthermore, a modified formulation of the
                      external boundary force is introduced that leads to a more
                      accurate no-slip boundary condition. The derivation also
                      reveals that the coupling methods can be cast into a unified
                      form, and that the immersed boundary method can be
                      interpreted as the limit of force coupling for vanishing
                      particle mass. In practice, the ratio between fluid and
                      particle mass determines the strength of the force transfer
                      in the coupling. The integration schemes formally improve
                      the accuracy of first-order algorithms that are commonly
                      employed when coupling immersed objects to a lattice
                      Boltzmann fluid. It is anticipated that they will also lead
                      to superior long-time stability in simulations of complex
                      fluids with multiple scales.},
      cin          = {IAS-2 / ICS-2},
      ddc          = {004},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-2-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-2-20110106},
      pnm          = {451 - Soft Matter Composites (POF2-451)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-451},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000340340200022},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.cpc.2014.06.005},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/185550},
}