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@ARTICLE{Rollins:185605,
      author       = {Rollins, A. W. and Thornberry, T. D. and Gao, R. S. and
                      Smith, J. B. and Sayres, D. S. and Sargent, M. R. and
                      Schiller, C. and Krämer, Martina and Spelten, Nicole and
                      Hurst, D. F. and Jordan, A. F. and Hall, E. G. and Vömel,
                      H. and Diskin, G. S. and Podolske, J. R. and Christensen, L.
                      E. and Rosenlof, K. H. and Jensen, E. J. and Fahey, D. W.},
      title        = {{E}valuation of {UT}/{LS} hygrometer accuracy by
                      intercomparison during the {NASA} {MACPEX} mission},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {119},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-07031},
      pages        = {1915-1935},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Acquiring accurate measurements of water vapor at the low
                      mixing ratios (< 10 ppm) encountered in the upper
                      troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) has proven to be
                      a significant analytical challenge evidenced by persistent
                      disagreements between high-precision hygrometers. These
                      disagreements have caused uncertainties in the description
                      of the physical processes controlling dehydration of air in
                      the tropical tropopause layer and entry of water into the
                      stratosphere and have hindered validation of satellite water
                      vapor retrievals. A 2011 airborne intercomparison of a large
                      group of in situ hygrometers onboard the NASA WB-57F
                      high-altitude research aircraft and balloons has provided an
                      excellent opportunity to evaluate progress in the scientific
                      community toward improved measurement agreement. In this
                      work we intercompare the measurements from the Midlatitude
                      Airborne Cirrus Properties Experiment (MACPEX) and discuss
                      the quality of agreement. Differences between values
                      reported by the instruments were reduced in comparison to
                      some prior campaigns but were nonnegligible and on the order
                      of $20\%$ (0.8 ppm). Our analysis suggests that
                      unrecognized errors in the quantification of instrumental
                      background for some or all of the hygrometers are a likely
                      cause. Until these errors are understood, differences at
                      this level will continue to somewhat limit our understanding
                      of cirrus microphysical processes and dehydration in the
                      tropical tropopause layer.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {234 - Composition and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and
                      Stratosphere (POF2-234)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-234},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000333138300018},
      doi          = {10.1002/2013JD020817},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/185605},
}