000185612 001__ 185612 000185612 005__ 20240712100859.0 000185612 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.5194/acp-14-10803-2014 000185612 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1680-7316 000185612 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1680-7324 000185612 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/8191 000185612 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000344164800026 000185612 037__ $$aFZJ-2014-07038 000185612 082__ $$a550 000185612 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129134$$aKunz, A.$$b0$$eCorresponding Author 000185612 245__ $$aComparison of Fast In situ Stratospheric Hygrometer (FISH) measurements of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) with ECMWF (re)analysis data 000185612 260__ $$aKatlenburg-Lindau$$bEGU$$c2014 000185612 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s185612 000185612 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000185612 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000185612 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000185612 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000185612 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000185612 520__ $$aAn evaluation of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) of the ERA-Interim, the global atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), is presented. Water vapor measurements are derived from the Fast In situ Stratospheric Hygrometer (FISH) during a large set of airborne measurement campaigns from 2001 to 2011 in the tropics, midlatitudes and polar regions, covering isentropic layers from 300 to 400K (5–18km).The comparison shows around 87% of the reanalysis data are within a factor of 2 of the FISH water vapor measurements and around 30% have a nearly perfect agreement with an over- and underestimation lower than 10%. Nevertheless, strong over- and underestimations can occur both in the UT and LS, in particularly in the extratropical LS and in the tropical UT, where severe over- and underestimations up to 10 times can occur.The analysis data from the evolving ECMWF operational system is also evaluated, and the FISH measurements are divided into time periods representing different cycles of the Integrated Forecast System (IFS). The agreement with FISH improves over the time, in particular when comparing water vapor fields for time periods before 2004 and after 2010. It appears that influences of tropical tropospheric and extratropical UTLS processes, e.g., convective and quasi-isentropic exchange processes, are particularly challenging for the simulation of the UTLS water vapor distribution. Both the reanalysis and operational analysis data show the tendency of an overestimation of low water vapor mixing ratio (⪅10ppmv) in the LS and underestimation of high water vapor mixing ratio (⪆300ppmv) in the UT. 000185612 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF2-234$$a234 - Composition and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and Stratosphere (POF2-234)$$cPOF2-234$$fPOF II$$x0 000185612 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, juser.fz-juelich.de 000185612 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129155$$aSpelten, N.$$b1$$ufzj 000185612 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129130$$aKonopka, P.$$b2$$ufzj 000185612 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129138$$aMüller, Rolf$$b3$$ufzj 000185612 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aForbes, R. 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