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@ARTICLE{Kunz:185612,
      author       = {Kunz, A. and Spelten, N. and Konopka, P. and Müller, Rolf
                      and Forbes, R. M. and Wernli, H.},
      title        = {{C}omparison of {F}ast {I}n situ {S}tratospheric
                      {H}ygrometer ({FISH}) measurements of water vapor in the
                      upper troposphere and lower stratosphere ({UTLS}) with
                      {ECMWF} (re)analysis data},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {19},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-07038},
      pages        = {10803 - 10822},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {An evaluation of water vapor in the upper troposphere and
                      lower stratosphere (UTLS) of the ERA-Interim, the global
                      atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for
                      Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), is presented. Water
                      vapor measurements are derived from the Fast In situ
                      Stratospheric Hygrometer (FISH) during a large set of
                      airborne measurement campaigns from 2001 to 2011 in the
                      tropics, midlatitudes and polar regions, covering isentropic
                      layers from 300 to 400K (5–18km).The comparison shows
                      around $87\%$ of the reanalysis data are within a factor of
                      2 of the FISH water vapor measurements and around $30\%$
                      have a nearly perfect agreement with an over- and
                      underestimation lower than $10\%.$ Nevertheless, strong
                      over- and underestimations can occur both in the UT and LS,
                      in particularly in the extratropical LS and in the tropical
                      UT, where severe over- and underestimations up to 10 times
                      can occur.The analysis data from the evolving ECMWF
                      operational system is also evaluated, and the FISH
                      measurements are divided into time periods representing
                      different cycles of the Integrated Forecast System (IFS).
                      The agreement with FISH improves over the time, in
                      particular when comparing water vapor fields for time
                      periods before 2004 and after 2010. It appears that
                      influences of tropical tropospheric and extratropical UTLS
                      processes, e.g., convective and quasi-isentropic exchange
                      processes, are particularly challenging for the simulation
                      of the UTLS water vapor distribution. Both the reanalysis
                      and operational analysis data show the tendency of an
                      overestimation of low water vapor mixing ratio (⪅10ppmv)
                      in the LS and underestimation of high water vapor mixing
                      ratio (⪆300ppmv) in the UT.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {234 - Composition and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and
                      Stratosphere (POF2-234)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-234},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000344164800026},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-14-10803-2014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/185612},
}