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@ARTICLE{Hoerger:185740,
      author       = {Hoerger, C. C. and Werner, A. and Plass-Duelmer, C. and
                      Reimann, S. and Eckart, E. and Steinbrecher, R. and Aalto,
                      J. and Arduini, J. and Bonnaire, N. and Cape, J. N. and
                      Colomb, A. and Connolly, R. and Diskova, J. and Dumitrean,
                      P. and Ehlers, C. and Gros, V. and Hakola, H. and Hill, M.
                      and Hopkins, J. R. and Jäger, J. and Junek, R. and Kajos,
                      M. K. and Klemp, D. and Leuchner, M. and Lewis, A. C. and
                      Locoge, N. and Maione, M. and Martin, D. and Michl, K. and
                      Nemitz, E. and O'Doherty, S. and Pérez Ballesta, P. and
                      Ruuskanen, T. M. and Sauvage, S. and Schmidbauer, N. and
                      Spain, T. G. and Straube, E. and Vana, M. and Vollmer, M. K.
                      and Wegener, R. and Wenger, A.},
      title        = {{ACTRIS} non-methane hydrocarbon intercomparison experiment
                      in {E}urope to support {WMO}-{GAW} and {EMEP} observation
                      networks},
      journal      = {Atmospheric measurement techniques discussions},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {1867-8610},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-07165},
      pages        = {10423 - 10485},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {The performance of 20 European laboratories involved in
                      long-term non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) measurements within
                      the framework of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) and European
                      Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) was assessed with
                      respect to the ACTRIS (Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases
                      Research InfraStructure Network) and GAW data quality
                      objectives (DQOs). Compared to previous intercomparisons the
                      DQOs of ACTRIS are much more demanding with deviations to a
                      reference value of less than $5\%$ and repeatability of
                      better than $2\%$ for mole fractions above 0.1 nmol
                      mol−1.The participants were asked to measure both a 30
                      component NMHC mixture in nitrogen $(NMHC_N2)$ at
                      approximately 1 nmol mol−1 and whole air $(NMHC_air),$
                      following a standardised operation procedure including zero-
                      and calibration gas measurements. Furthermore, they had to
                      report details on their instruments and they were asked to
                      assess measurement uncertainties.The NMHCs were analysed
                      either by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection or
                      gas chromatography-mass spectrometer methods. Most systems
                      performed well for the $NMHC_N2$ measurements $(88\%$ of the
                      reported values were within the GAW DQOs and even $58\%$
                      within the ACTRIS DQOs). For $NMHC_air$ generally more
                      frequent and larger deviations to the assigned values were
                      observed compared to $NMHC_N2$ $(77\%$ of the reported
                      values were within the GAW DQOs, but only $48\%$ within the
                      ACTRIS DQOs). Important contributors to the poorer
                      performance in $NMHC_air$ compared to $NMHC_N2$ were a more
                      complex matrix and a larger span of NMHC mole fractions
                      (0.03–2.5 nmol mol−1). Issues, which affected both NMHC
                      mixtures, are the usage of direct vs. two-step calibration,
                      breakthrough of C2–C3 hydrocarbons, blank values in
                      zero-gas measurements (especially for those systems using a
                      Nafion® Dryer), adsorptive losses of aromatic compounds,
                      and insufficient chromatographic resolution. Essential for
                      high-quality results are experienced operators, a
                      comprehensive quality assurance and quality control, well
                      characterised systems, and sufficient man-power to operate
                      the systems and evaluate the data.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {233 - Trace gas and aerosol processes in the troposphere
                      (POF2-233)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-233},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/amtd-7-10423-2014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/185740},
}