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@ARTICLE{Paglione:186569,
      author       = {Paglione, M. and Kiendler-Scharr, A. and Mensah, A. A. and
                      Finessi, E. and Giulianelli, L. and Sandrini, S. and
                      Facchini, M. C. and Fuzzi, S. and Schlag, P. and
                      Piazzalunga, A. and Tagliavini, E. and Henzing, J. S. and
                      Decesari, S.},
      title        = {{I}dentification of humic-like substances ({HULIS}) in
                      oxygenated organic aerosols using {NMR} and {AMS} factor
                      analyses and liquid chromatographic techniques},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-00642},
      pages        = {25 - 45},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {The atmospheric organic aerosol composition is
                      characterized by a great diversity of functional groups and
                      chemical species, challenging simple classification schemes.
                      Traditional offline chemical methods identify chemical
                      classes based on the retention behaviour on chromatographic
                      columns and absorbing beds. Such an approach led to the
                      isolation of complex mixtures of compounds such as the
                      humic-like substances (HULIS). More recently, online aerosol
                      mass spectrometry (AMS) was employed to identify chemical
                      classes by extracting fragmentation patterns from
                      experimental data series using statistical methods (factor
                      analysis), providing simplified schemes for the
                      classification of oxygenated organic aerosols (OOAs) on the
                      basis of the distribution of oxygen-containing
                      functionalities. The analysis of numerous AMS data sets
                      suggested the occurrence of very oxidized OOAs which were
                      postulated to correspond to HULIS. However, only a few
                      efforts were made to test the correspondence of the AMS
                      classes of OOAs with the traditional classifications from
                      the offline methods. In this paper, we consider a case study
                      representative of polluted continental regional background
                      environments. We examine the AMS factors for OOAs identified
                      by positive matrix factorization (PMF) and compare them to
                      chemical classes of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC)
                      analysed offline on a set of filters collected in parallel.
                      WSOC fractionation was performed by means of factor analysis
                      applied to proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
                      spectroscopic data, and by applying an ion-exchange
                      chromatographic method for direct quantification of HULIS.
                      Results show that the very oxidized low-volatility OOAs from
                      AMS correlate with the NMR factor showing HULIS features and
                      also with true "chromatographic" HULIS. On the other hand,
                      UV/VIS-absorbing polyacids (or HULIS {sensu stricto})
                      isolated on ion-exchange beds were only a fraction of the
                      AMS and NMR organic carbon fractions showing functional
                      groups attributable to highly substituted carboxylic acids,
                      suggesting that unspeciated low-molecular weight organic
                      acids contribute to HULIS in the broad sense.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {233 - Trace gas and aerosol processes in the troposphere
                      (POF2-233)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-233},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000329930600003},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-14-25-2014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/186569},
}