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@ARTICLE{Jiang:187132,
      author       = {Jiang, Canlan and Séquaris, Jean-Marie and Wacha, András
                      and Bóta, Attila and Vereecken, Harry and Klumpp, Erwin},
      title        = {{E}ffect of metal oxide on surface area and pore size of
                      water-dispersible colloids from three {G}erman silt loam
                      topsoils},
      journal      = {Geoderma},
      volume       = {235-236},
      issn         = {0016-7061},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-00806},
      pages        = {260 - 270},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {The surface area and pore structure of easily dispersed
                      soil particles < 2 μm in size (water-dispersible colloids,
                      WDCs) are important for carbon sequestration and transport
                      in soil, two processes which are essential for the
                      terrestrial carbon cycling. In this work, we determine the
                      effects of dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate (DCB)
                      extractable metal oxides, and oxalate extractable metal
                      oxides on the specific surface area (SSA) and pore structure
                      of WDCs from silt loam topsoils of three TERENO test sites
                      with a similar clay content $(20\%)$ in Germany (arable
                      (Selhausen), grassland (Rollesbroich) and forest
                      (Wuestebach) soils). The N2 gas-adsorption (− 196 °C),
                      small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic light
                      scattering (DLS) and microelectrophoretic (ME) methods were
                      used and compared. Results show that 1) the SSA of the WDCs
                      from Selhausen, Rollesbroich, and Wuestebach decreased more
                      after DCB treatment $(27\%,$ $35\%,$ and $44\%)$ than after
                      oxalate treatment $(5\%,$ $14\%,$ and $22\%).$ DCB removed
                      metal oxide nanoparticles from WDCs were found to have
                      diameters (dp) ranging from 4 nm to 8 nm and the surface
                      loading ratios on the surface of aluminosilicate residues in
                      WDCs were estimated to be $11\%$ to $22\%$ for three soils
                      where the highest value was found in the acidic forest soil.
                      2) Pore sizes in the mesopore range (2 nm to 50 nm) were
                      analyzed in the WDC fractions. The results were discussed in
                      terms of accessible open pores for the pristine WDCs and WDC
                      samples from which metal oxide nanoparticles and organic
                      carbon (OC) had been removed. The lower average pore radius
                      (Rp) measured by the N2 gas-adsorption method based on the
                      total volume (Vt) to SSA ratio variations in WDCs without
                      metal oxides compared to WDC with metal oxides indicated a
                      contraction of the porous structure of WDCs due to the
                      presence of metal oxide nanoparticles. The pore size
                      distribution (PSD) analysis showed a sensitive contribution
                      of metal oxide nanoparticles in the low range of pore sizes
                      (< 25 nm) of WDCs. In SAXS measurements, higher surface
                      fractal dimensions (Ds) were observed in WDCs before the
                      metal oxide's removal, which supports a roughness increase
                      of the interfaces in the presence of nanoparticles. The
                      colloidal characterization of WDCs by the DLS and ME methods
                      shows, at a μm scale, the role of positively charged metal
                      oxide nanoparticles in forming WDCs with a more compact
                      structure by decreasing the particle size (dz) and the
                      negative zeta potential (ζ). 3) The comparison of Rp, k, dz
                      and dp results between different soils also indicates the
                      dependence on the clay mineralogy of WDCs so that the
                      heterocoagulation between kaolinite and illite (clay
                      minerals of different aspect ratios) increases the size of
                      soil mesopores (Rollesbroich). In conclusion, the results of
                      this study clearly show that the combination of the N2
                      gas-adsorption, SAXS, DLS and ME methods allows the
                      characterization of soil porosity in the nanometer range
                      where metal oxide nanoparticles contribute to a more compact
                      structure of WDC.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {246 - Modelling and Monitoring Terrestrial Systems: Methods
                      and Technologies (POF2-246) / 255 - Terrestrial Systems:
                      From Observation to Prediction (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-246 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000342552800027},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.07.017},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/187132},
}