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@ARTICLE{Hirsikko:187194,
      author       = {Hirsikko, A. and O'Connor, E. J. and Komppula, M. and
                      Korhonen, K. and Pfüller, A. and Giannakaki, E. and Wood,
                      C. R. and Bauer-Pfundstein, M. and Poikonen, A. and
                      Karppinen, T. and Lonka, H. and Kurri, M. and Heinonen, J.
                      and Moisseev, D. and Asmi, E. and Aaltonen, V. and Nordbo,
                      A. and Rodriguez, E. and Lihavainen, H. and Laaksonen, A.
                      and Lehtinen, K. E. J. and Laurila, T. and Petäjä, T. and
                      Kulmala, M. and Viisanen, Y.},
      title        = {{O}bserving wind, aerosol particles, cloud and
                      precipitation: {F}inland's new ground-based remote-sensing
                      network},
      journal      = {Atmospheric measurement techniques},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1867-8548},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-00868},
      pages        = {1351 - 1375},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {The Finnish Meteorological Institute, in collaboration with
                      the University of Helsinki, has established a new
                      ground-based remote-sensing network in Finland. The network
                      consists of five topographically, ecologically and
                      climatically different sites distributed from southern to
                      northern Finland. The main goal of the network is to monitor
                      air pollution and boundary layer properties in near real
                      time, with a Doppler lidar and ceilometer at each site. In
                      addition to these operational tasks, two sites are members
                      of the Aerosols, Clouds and Trace gases Research
                      InfraStructure Network (ACTRIS); a Ka band cloud radar at
                      Sodankylä will provide cloud retrievals within CloudNet,
                      and a multi-wavelength Raman lidar, PollyXT (POrtabLe Lidar
                      sYstem eXTended), in Kuopio provides optical and
                      microphysical aerosol properties through EARLINET (the
                      European Aerosol Research Lidar Network). Three C-band
                      weather radars are located in the Helsinki metropolitan area
                      and are deployed for operational and research applications.
                      We performed two inter-comparison campaigns to investigate
                      the Doppler lidar performance, compare the backscatter
                      signal and wind profiles, and to optimize the lidar
                      sensitivity through adjusting the telescope focus length and
                      data-integration time to ensure sufficient signal-to-noise
                      ratio (SNR) in low-aerosol-content environments. In terms of
                      statistical characterization, the wind-profile comparison
                      showed good agreement between different lidars. Initially,
                      there was a discrepancy in the SNR and attenuated
                      backscatter coefficient profiles which arose from an
                      incorrectly reported telescope focus setting from one
                      instrument, together with the need to calibrate. After
                      diagnosing the true telescope focus length, calculating a
                      new attenuated backscatter coefficient profile with the new
                      telescope function and taking into account calibration, the
                      resulting attenuated backscatter profiles all showed good
                      agreement with each other. It was thought that harsh Finnish
                      winters could pose problems, but, due to the built-in
                      heating systems, low ambient temperatures had no, or only a
                      minor, impact on the lidar operation – including
                      scanning-head motion. However, accumulation of snow and ice
                      on the lens has been observed, which can lead to the
                      formation of a water/ice layer thus attenuating the signal
                      inconsistently. Thus, care must be taken to ensure
                      continuous snow removal.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {233 - Trace gas and aerosol processes in the troposphere
                      (POF2-233)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-233},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000336740700013},
      doi          = {10.5194/amt-7-1351-2014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/187194},
}