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@ARTICLE{Windt:187268,
      author       = {Windt, Carel and Blumler, P.},
      title        = {{A} portable {NMR} sensor to measure dynamic changes in the
                      amount of water in living stems or fruit and its potential
                      to measure sap flow},
      journal      = {Tree physiology},
      volume       = {35},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1758-4469},
      address      = {Victoria, BC},
      publisher    = {Heron},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-00941},
      pages        = {366-375},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and NMR imaging (magnetic
                      resonance imaging) offer the possibility to quantitatively
                      and non-invasively measure the presence and movement of
                      water. Unfortunately, traditional NMR hardware is expensive,
                      poorly suited for plants, and because of its bulk and
                      complexity, not suitable for use in the field. But does it
                      need to be? We here explore how novel, small-scale portable
                      NMR devices can be used as a flow sensor to directly measure
                      xylem sap flow in a poplar tree (Populus nigra L.), or in a
                      dendrometer-like fashion to measure dynamic changes in the
                      absolute water content of fruit or stems. For the latter
                      purpose we monitored the diurnal pattern of growth,
                      expansion and shrinkage in a model fruit (bean pod,
                      Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and in the stem of an oak tree
                      (Quercus robur L.). We compared changes in absolute stem
                      water content, as measured by the NMR sensor, against stem
                      diameter variations as measured by a set of conventional
                      point dendrometers, to test how well the sensitivities of
                      the two methods compare and to investigate how well diurnal
                      changes in trunk absolute water content correlate with the
                      concomitant diurnal variations in stem diameter. Our results
                      confirm the existence of a strong correlation between the
                      two parameters, but also suggest that dynamic changes in oak
                      stem water content could be larger than is apparent on the
                      basis of the stem diameter variation alone.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {89582 - Plant Science (POF2-89582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000354778300004},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25595754},
      doi          = {10.1093/treephys/tpu105},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/187268},
}