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@PHDTHESIS{Kalisch:187500,
      author       = {Kalisch, Silvio},
      title        = {{T}hree-dimensional ray-tracing simulations of convective
                      gravity waves},
      volume       = {253},
      school       = {Bergische Universität Wuppertal},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-01129},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-040-1},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {iii, 183 S.},
      year         = {2015},
      note         = {Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Diss., 2014},
      abstract     = {Due to their importance for large-scale circulations and
                      their contributionto the energy and momentum budget of the
                      middle atmosphere, gravity waves have been subject of
                      investigation for manyin-situ and satellite measurements.
                      These observations show that the horizontal wavelength of a
                      gravity wave can be as short as a few kilometers, hence,
                      they cannot be directly resolved by General Circulation
                      Models (GCM)s. For this reason, their propagation and
                      interaction with the background atmosphere have to be
                      parametrized. These gravity wave parametrizations play an
                      important role in state-of-the-art GCMs as they contribute
                      to the energy and momentum budget of the middle atmosphere
                      and directly influence the model dynamics. For technical
                      reasons, most gravity wave parametrizations restrict the
                      propagation of gravity waves to the vertical direction.
                      Consequently, modeled distributions of momentum flux and
                      gravity wave drag show remarkable deviations from the
                      three-dimensional propagation as shown in this thesis. The
                      most obvious differences found in the three-dimensional case
                      are the poleward directed meridional drag and the shift of
                      the zonal drag maximum towards higher latitudes in the
                      winter hemisphere. Another simplification of gravity wave
                      parametrizations is the homogeneous and isotropic
                      non-orographic launch distribution, which is unable to
                      resolve single gravity wave sources. [...]},
      keywords     = {Dissertation (GND)},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/187500},
}