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@ARTICLE{Bergstrm:187507,
      author       = {Bergström, R. and Hallquist, M. and Simpson, D. and Wildt,
                      J. and Mentel, Thomas F.},
      title        = {{B}iotic stress: a significant contributor to organic
                      aerosol in {E}urope?},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {24},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-01136},
      pages        = {13643 - 13660},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {We have investigated the potential impact on organic
                      aerosol formation from biotic stress-induced emissions (SIE)
                      of organic molecules from forests in Europe (north of lat.
                      45° N). Emission estimates for sesquiterpenes (SQT), methyl
                      salicylate (MeSA) and unsaturated C17 compounds, due to
                      different stressors, are based on experiments in the Jülich
                      Plant Atmosphere Chamber (JPAC), combined with estimates of
                      the fraction of stressed trees in Europe based on reported
                      observed tree damage.SIE were introduced in the EMEP MSC-W
                      chemical transport model and secondary organic aerosol (SOA)
                      yields from the SIE were taken from the JPAC experiments.
                      Based on estimates of current levels of infestation and the
                      JPAC aerosol yields, the model results suggest that the
                      contribution to SOA in large parts of Europe may be
                      substantial. It is possible that SIE contributes as much, or
                      more, to organic aerosol than the constitutive biogenic VOC
                      emissions, at least during some periods. Based on the
                      assumptions in this study, SIE-SOA are estimated to
                      constitute between 50 and 70 $\%$ of the total biogenic SOA
                      (BSOA) in a current-situation scenario where the biotic
                      stress in northern and central European forests causes large
                      SIE of MeSA and SQT. An alternative current-situation
                      scenario with lower SIE, consisting solely of SQT, leads to
                      lower SIE-SOA, between 20 and 40 $\%$ of the total
                      BSOA.Hypothetical future scenarios with increased SIE, due
                      to higher degrees of biotic stress, show that SOA formation
                      due to SIE can become even larger.Unsaturated C17 BVOC
                      (biogenic volatile organic compounds) emitted by spruce
                      infested by the forest-honey generating bark louse, Cinara
                      pilicornis, have a high SOA-forming potential. A model
                      scenario investigating the effect of a regional, episodic
                      infestation of Cinara pilicornis in Baden-Württemberg,
                      corresponding to a year with high production of forest
                      honey, shows that these types of events could lead to very
                      large organic aerosol formation in the infested region.We
                      have used the best available laboratory data on biotic SIE
                      applicable to northern and central European forests. Using
                      these data and associated assumptions, we have shown that
                      SIE are potentially important for SOA formation but the
                      magnitude of the impact is uncertain and needs to be
                      constrained by further laboratory, field and modelling
                      studies. As an example, the MeSA, which is released as a
                      consequence of various types of biotic stress, is found to
                      have a potentially large impact on SIE-SOA in Europe, but
                      different assumptions regarding the nighttime chemistry of
                      MeSA can change its SOA potential substantially. Thus,
                      further investigations of the atmospheric chemistry of MeSA
                      and observational field studies are needed to clarify the
                      role of this compound in the atmosphere.},
      cin          = {IEK-8 / IBG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {233 - Trace gas and aerosol processes in the troposphere
                      (POF2-233)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-233},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000347957100012},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-14-13643-2014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/187507},
}