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@ARTICLE{Han:187695,
      author       = {Han, X. and Hendricks-Franssen, Harrie-Jan and Rosolem, R.
                      and Jin, R. and Li, X. and Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{C}orrection of systematic model forcing bias of {CLM}
                      using assimilation of cosmic-ray {N}eutrons and land surface
                      temperature: a study in the {H}eihe {C}atchment, {C}hina46},
      journal      = {Hydrology and earth system sciences},
      volume       = {19},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1607-7938},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-01307},
      pages        = {615 - 629},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {The recent development of the non-invasive cosmic-ray soil
                      moisture sensing technique fills the gap between point-scale
                      soil moisture measurements and regional-scale soil moisture
                      measurements by remote sensing. A cosmic-ray probe measures
                      soil moisture for a footprint with a diameter of ~ 600 m (at
                      sea level) and with an effective measurement depth between
                      12 and 76 cm, depending on the soil humidity. In this study,
                      it was tested whether neutron counts also allow correcting
                      for a systematic error in the model forcings. A lack of
                      water management data often causes systematic input errors
                      to land surface models. Here, the assimilation procedure was
                      tested for an irrigated corn field (Heihe Watershed Allied
                      Telemetry Experimental Research – HiWATER, 2012) where no
                      irrigation data were available as model input although for
                      the area a significant amount of water was irrigated. In the
                      study, the measured cosmic-ray neutron counts and
                      Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land
                      surface temperature (LST) products were jointly assimilated
                      into the Community Land Model (CLM) with the local ensemble
                      transform Kalman filter. Different data assimilation
                      scenarios were evaluated, with assimilation of LST and/or
                      cosmic-ray neutron counts, and possibly parameter estimation
                      of leaf area index (LAI). The results show that the direct
                      assimilation of cosmic-ray neutron counts can improve the
                      soil moisture and evapotranspiration (ET) estimation
                      significantly, correcting for lack of information on
                      irrigation amounts. The joint assimilation of neutron counts
                      and LST could improve further the ET estimation, but the
                      information content of neutron counts exceeded the one of
                      LST. Additional improvement was achieved by calibrating LAI,
                      which after calibration was also closer to independent field
                      measurements. It was concluded that assimilation of neutron
                      counts was useful for ET and soil moisture estimation even
                      if the model has a systematic bias like neglecting
                      irrigation. However, also the assimilation of LST helped to
                      correct the systematic model bias introduced by neglecting
                      irrigation and LST could be used to update soil moisture
                      with state augmentation.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255) / 255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to
                      Prediction (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000348929800035},
      doi          = {10.5194/hess-19-615-2015},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/187695},
}