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@ARTICLE{Or:188460,
      author       = {Or, Dani and Lehmann, Peter and Shahraeeni, Ebrahim and
                      Shokri, Nima},
      title        = {{A}dvances in {S}oil {E}vaporation {P}hysics—{A}
                      {R}eview},
      journal      = {Vadose zone journal},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1539-1663},
      address      = {Madison, Wis.},
      publisher    = {SSSA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-01835},
      pages        = {1 - 16},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {Soil capillary and wettability properties affect
                      evaporation dynamics and give rise to a characteristic
                      length marking the end of Stage I and provides estimates of
                      evaporative losses from soil data. Nonlinearities between
                      surface water content and evaporative flux were quantified
                      considering diffusion from discrete pores across air
                      boundary layer.Globally, evaporation consumes about $25\%$
                      of solar energy input and is a key hydrologic driver with
                      $60\%$ of terrestrial precipitation returning to the
                      atmosphere via evapotranspiration. Quantifying evaporation
                      is important for assessing changes in hydrologic reservoirs
                      and surface energy balance and for many industrial and
                      engineering applications. Evaporation dynamics from porous
                      media reflect interactions between internal liquid and vapor
                      transport, energy input for phase change, and mass transfer
                      across air boundary layer. We reviewed recent advances on
                      resolving interactions between soil intrinsic properties and
                      evaporation dynamics with emphasis on the roles of
                      capillarity and wettability affecting liquid phase
                      continuity and capillary driving forces that sustain Stage I
                      evaporation. We show that soil water characteristics contain
                      information for predicting the drying front depth and mass
                      loss at the end of Stage I and thus derive predictions for
                      regional-scale evaporative water losses from soil textural
                      maps. We discuss the formation of secondary drying front at
                      the onset of Stage II evaporation and subsequent
                      diffusion-controlled dynamics. An important aspect for
                      remote sensing and modeling involves nonlinear interactions
                      between wet evaporating surfaces and air boundary layer
                      above (evaporation rate is not proportional to surface water
                      content). Using pore scale models of evaporating surfaces
                      and vapor transport across air boundary layer, we examined
                      the necessary conditions for maintenance of nearly constant
                      evaporation while the surface gradually dries and the drying
                      front recedes into the soil. These new insights could be
                      used to improve boundary conditions for models that are
                      based on surface water content to quantify evaporation
                      rates.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {246 - Modelling and Monitoring Terrestrial Systems: Methods
                      and Technologies (POF2-246) / 255 - Terrestrial Systems:
                      From Observation to Prediction (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-246 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000328628400007},
      doi          = {10.2136/vzj2012.0163},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/188460},
}