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@ARTICLE{Wagner:188567,
      author       = {Wagner, A. and Blechschmidt, A.-M. and Bouarar, I. and
                      Brunke, E.-G. and Clerbaux, C. and Cupeiro, M. and
                      Cristofanelli, P. and Eskes, H. and Flemming, J. and
                      Flentje, H. and George, M. and Gilge, S. and Hilboll, A. and
                      Inness, A. and Kapsomenakis, J. and Richter, A. and Ries, L.
                      and Spangl, W. and Stein, O. and Weller, R. and Zerefos, C.},
      title        = {{E}valuation of the {MACC} operational forecast system –
                      potential and challenges of global near-real-time modelling
                      with respect to reactive gases in the troposphere},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics / Discussions},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1680-7375},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-01918},
      pages        = {6277 - 6335},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate
                      (MACC/MACCII) currently represents the European Union's
                      Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
                      (http://www.copernicus.eu), which will become fully
                      operational in the course of 2015. The global near-real-time
                      MACC model production run for aerosol and reactive gases
                      provides daily analyses and 5 day forecasts of atmospheric
                      composition fields. It is the only assimilation system
                      world-wide that is operational to produce global analyses
                      and forecasts of reactive gases and aerosol fields. We have
                      investigated the ability of the MACC analysis system to
                      simulate tropospheric concentrations of reactive gases (CO,
                      O3, and NO2) covering the period between 2009 and 2012. A
                      validation was performed based on CO and O3 surface
                      observations from the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) network,
                      O3 surface observations from the European Monitoring and
                      Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and furthermore, NO2
                      tropospheric columns derived from the satellite sensors
                      SCIAMACHY and GOME-2, and CO total columns derived from the
                      satellite sensor MOPITT. The MACC system proved capable of
                      reproducing reactive gas concentrations in consistent
                      quality, however, with a seasonally dependent bias compared
                      to surface and satellite observations: for northern
                      hemispheric surface O3 mixing ratios, positive biases appear
                      during the warm seasons and negative biases during the cold
                      parts of the years, with monthly Modified Normalised Mean
                      Biases (MNMBs) ranging between −30 and $30\%$ at the
                      surface. Model biases are likely to result from difficulties
                      in the simulation of vertical mixing at night and
                      deficiencies in the model's dry deposition parameterization.
                      Observed tropospheric columns of NO2 and CO could be
                      reproduced correctly during the warm seasons, but are mostly
                      underestimated by the model during the cold seasons, when
                      anthropogenic emissions are at a highest, especially over
                      the US, Europe and Asia. Monthly MNMBs of the satellite data
                      evaluation range between −110 and $40\%$ for NO2 and at
                      most $−20\%$ for CO, over the investigated regions. The
                      underestimation is likely to result from a combination of
                      errors concerning the dry deposition parameterization and
                      certain limitations in the current emission inventories,
                      together with an insufficiently established seasonality in
                      the emissions.},
      cin          = {IEK-8 / JSC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243) / 511 - Computational
                      Science and Mathematical Methods (POF3-511) / MACC II -
                      Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate Interim
                      Implementation (283576)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)283576},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/acpd-15-6277-2015},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/188567},
}