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@INPROCEEDINGS{Pflugfelder:188889,
      author       = {Pflugfelder, Daniel and van Dusschoten, Dagmar and Kochs,
                      Johannes and Metzner, Ralf and Koller, Robert and Postma,
                      Johannes Auke and Bühler, Jonas and Chlubek, Antonia and
                      Jahnke, Siegfried},
      title        = {{N}oninvasive 3{D} {R}oot {I}maging},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-02187},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {The influence of roots on plant productivity has often been
                      neglected because of the difficulties to access and monitor
                      the root system architecture and function. The goals of this
                      work are to establish methods to noninvasively image 3D root
                      system architecture (RSA) in 3D, to identify structural and
                      functional root traits, to monitor the development of plant
                      root traits during development and, in particular, to
                      identify traits of resource efficient roots. Magnetic
                      Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography
                      (PET) are two modalities which enable observing structural
                      and functional properties of roots growing in soil in a
                      noninvasive manner. The existing 4.7T MRI System has been
                      shown to produce 3D images with a high root to soil contrast
                      [1]. Due to the installed prototypic robot system these data
                      sets can be acquired automatically, including measurements
                      during the night and on weekends, leading to a considerable
                      amount of raw data. To enable calculation of RSA traits and
                      their development over time, a software tool has been
                      developed capable of extracting the RSA from the MRI
                      measurement data automatically. Methods to manually correct
                      the automatically extracted RSA have been implemented.
                      Typical root traits calculated from the extracted RSA are
                      shown, including a comparison to an invasive method
                      (WinRhizo).Functional information, in particular of carbon
                      transport, of intact root systems can be obtained by
                      positron emission tomography (PET). Radioactively labelled
                      [11C]-CO2 is taken up by photosynthesis and radiolabelled
                      metabolites (tracer) are eventually transported into the
                      root system. The existing PET system (PlanTIS [1]) is used
                      for test experiments though its detection sensitivity is too
                      low to characterize transport properties. To overcome the
                      drawbacks of PlanTIS, a new PET system (phenoPET) has been
                      developed together with Philips Photon Counting and two
                      institutes at Forschungszentrum Jülich (ZEA-1 and ZEA-2).
                      The phenoPET is currently being assembled and will be
                      delivered in 2015. Compared to PlanTIS, the new phenoPET
                      system will provide higher sensitivity and a larger field of
                      view, two important factors to enable functional
                      phenotyping.Literature:[1] Jahnke et al.: Combined MRI–PET
                      dissects dynamic changes in plant structures and functions.
                      The Plant Journal (2009) 59, 634–644},
      month         = {Mar},
      date          = {2015-03-04},
      organization  = {PLANT 2030 Status Seminar 2015,
                       Potsdam (Germany), 4 Mar 2015 - 6 Mar
                       2015},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582) / DPPN - Deutsches Pflanzen
                      Phänotypisierungsnetzwerk (BMBF-031A053A)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582 / G:(DE-Juel1)BMBF-031A053A},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/188889},
}