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@ARTICLE{AkhtariZavareh:189433,
      author       = {Akhtari-Zavareh, Azadeh and Carignan, L. P. and Yelon, A.
                      and Ménard, D. and Kasama, T. and Herring, R. and
                      Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal and McCartney, M. R. and Kavanagh, K.
                      L.},
      title        = {{O}ff-axis electron holography of ferromagnetic multilayer
                      nanowires},
      journal      = {Journal of applied physics},
      volume       = {116},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1089-7550},
      address      = {Melville, NY},
      publisher    = {American Inst. of Physics},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-02600},
      pages        = {023902},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {We have used electron holography to investigate the local
                      magnetic behavior of isolated ferromagnetic nanowires (NWs)
                      in their remanent states. The NWs consisted of periodic
                      magnetic layers of soft, high-saturation magnetization CoFeB
                      alloys, and non-magnetic layers of Cu. All NWs were
                      fabricated by pulsed-potential electrodeposition in
                      nanoporous alumina membranes. The NW composition and layer
                      thicknesses were measured using scanning transmission
                      electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The
                      magnetization of individual NWs depended upon the
                      thicknesses of the layers and the direction of an external
                      magnetic field, which had been applied in situ. When the
                      CoFeB was thicker than the diameter (50 nm), magnetization
                      was axial for all external field directions, while thinner
                      layers could be randomized via a perpendicular field. In
                      some cases, magnetization inside the wire was detected at an
                      angle with respect to the axis of the wires. In thinner
                      Cu/CoFeB (<10 nm each) multilayer, magnetic field vortices
                      were detected, associated with opposing magnetization in
                      neighbouring layers. The measured crystallinity,
                      compositions, and layer thicknesses of individual NWs were
                      found to be significantly different from those predicted
                      from calibration growths based on uniform composition NWs.
                      In particular, a significant fraction of Cu (up to 50
                      $at. \%)$ was present in the CoFeB layers such that the
                      measured magnetic induction was lower than expected. These
                      results will be used to better understand previously
                      measured effective anisotropy fields of similar NW arrays.},
      cin          = {PGI-5},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-5-20110106},
      pnm          = {42G - Peter Grünberg-Centre (PG-C) (POF2-42G41)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-42G41},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000340267600042},
      doi          = {10.1063/1.4887488},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/189433},
}