% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Kaiser:189748,
      author       = {Kaiser, J. and Wolfe, G. M. and Bohn, B. and Broch, S. and
                      Fuchs, Hendrik and Ganzeveld, L. N. and Gomm, Sebastian and
                      Häseler, R. and Hofzumahaus, A. and Holland, F. and Jäger,
                      Julia and Li, Xin and Lohse, I. and Lu, K. and Prévôt, A.
                      S. H. and Rohrer, F. and Wegener, R. and Wolf, R. and
                      Mentel, T. F. and Kiendler-Scharr, A. and Wahner, A. and
                      Keutsch, F. N.},
      title        = {{E}vidence for an unidentified non-photochemical
                      ground-level source of formaldehyde in the {P}o {V}alley
                      with potential implications for ozone production},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-02780},
      pages        = {1289 - 1298},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Ozone concentrations in the Po Valley of northern Italy
                      often exceed international regulations. As both a source of
                      radicals and an intermediate in the oxidation of most
                      volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde (HCHO) is a
                      useful tracer for the oxidative processing of hydrocarbons
                      that leads to ozone production. We investigate the sources
                      of HCHO in the Po Valley using vertical profile measurements
                      acquired from the airship Zeppelin NT over an agricultural
                      region during the PEGASOS 2012 campaign. Using a 1-D model,
                      the total VOC oxidation rate is examined and discussed in
                      the context of formaldehyde and ozone production in the
                      early morning. While model and measurement discrepancies in
                      OH reactivity are small (on average 3.4 ± $13\%),$ HCHO
                      concentrations are underestimated by as much as 1.5 ppb
                      $(45\%)$ in the convective mixed layer. A similar
                      underestimate in HCHO was seen in the 2002–2003 FORMAT Po
                      Valley measurements, though the additional source of HCHO
                      was not identified. Oxidation of unmeasured VOC precursors
                      cannot explain the missing HCHO source, as measured OH
                      reactivity is explained by measured VOCs and their
                      calculated oxidation products. We conclude that local direct
                      emissions from agricultural land are the most likely source
                      of missing HCHO. Model calculations demonstrate that
                      radicals from degradation of this non-photochemical HCHO
                      source increase model ozone production rates by as much as
                      0.6 ppb h−1 $(12\%)$ before noon.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243) / HITEC - Helmholtz
                      Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate
                      Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000349799500010},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-15-1289-2015},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/189748},
}