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@PHDTHESIS{Bttler:190090,
      author       = {Böttler, Wanjiao},
      title        = {{L}ight scattering and trapping in thin film silicon solar
                      cells with an n-i-p configuration},
      volume       = {245},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-03049},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-023-4},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {132 S.},
      year         = {2015},
      note         = {RWTH Aachen, Diss., 2014},
      abstract     = {Microcrystalline silicon $\mu$c-Si:H thin film solar cells
                      with an n-i-p configuration were setup based on the
                      optimized processes for solar cells with a p-i-n
                      configuration. The depositionprocesses of window, absorber
                      and front contact layers were optimized. The effects of
                      thethickness and doping ratio of p-type layers, the
                      thickness of the front contact layers and thesilane
                      concentration of the absorber layers on the solar cell
                      performance were investigated. For all the optimization and
                      investigation, solar cells were prepared on simple
                      glass/etched-ZnO substrates. To improve the short circuit
                      current density, a highly reflective Ag/ZnO back reflector
                      was added on glass/etched-ZnO substrates. Finally, a good
                      process reproducibility and high cell performance were
                      achieved as a base for the subsequent study of light
                      scattering and trapping in $\mu$c-Si:H n-i-p solar cells.The
                      effects of the surface morphology of back reflectors on
                      their light-scattering properties and the light trapping in
                      $\mu$c-Si:H n-i-p solar cells were investigated. Firstly,
                      the surfaces of sputtered ZnO layers were textured by
                      etching them in HCl solution. The surface morphology was
                      varied by changing the as-deposited ZnO thickness and
                      etching time and measured by Atomic Force Microscopy AFM.
                      Based on the AFM measurement results, statistically
                      evaluation of the ZnO surface morphology was performed in
                      terms of not only therms roughness but also the diameter,
                      depth and angle of surface features (craters) on
                      thesurfaces. With such evaluation, the relationship between
                      the surface morphology and lightscatteringproperties of
                      reflectors was analysed and related to different physical
                      mechanisms,such as diffraction and geometrical optics.
                      Finally, etched-ZnO layers with different
                      surfacemorphologies were covered with a thin Ag and ZnO
                      layer and used together as back reflectorsin $\mu$c-Si:H
                      n-i-p solar cells. This allows us to analyse the direct link
                      between the surface morphology of back reflectors and light
                      trapping in the solar cells. With this analysis, the most
                      beneficial size and angle of craters for light trapping were
                      estimated. In addition, to better understand the light
                      trapping process in the solar cells, angular intensity
                      distributions AIDs in silicon were simulated by the
                      so-called “phase model” both for the transmission at the
                      ZnO/$}mu$c-Si:H interface (as on the front side of solar
                      cells) and for the reflection at the back reflector. The
                      AIDs for the transmission were compared to those for the
                      reflection with the same interface morphologies to estimate
                      the dominant scattering process regarding the light trapping
                      in solar cells.},
      keywords     = {Dissertation (GND)},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/190090},
}