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000190231 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/nclimate2614
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000190231 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFrank, D. C.$$b0$$eCorresponding Author
000190231 245__ $$aWater-use efficiency and transpiration across European forests during the Anthropocene
000190231 260__ $$aLondon$$bNature Publ. Group$$c2015
000190231 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1435329892_21658
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000190231 520__ $$aThe Earth’s carbon and hydrologic cycles are intimately coupled by gas exchange through plant stomata1, 2, 3. However, uncertainties in the magnitude4, 5, 6 and consequences7, 8 of the physiological responses9, 10 of plants to elevated CO2 in natural environments hinders modelling of terrestrial water cycling and carbon storage11. Here we use annually resolved long-term δ13C tree-ring measurements across a European forest network to reconstruct the physiologically driven response of intercellular CO2 (Ci) caused by atmospheric CO2 (Ca) trends. When removing meteorological signals from the δ13C measurements, we find that trees across Europe regulated gas exchange so that for one ppmv atmospheric CO2 increase, Ci increased by ~0.76 ppmv, most consistent with moderate control towards a constant Ci/Ca ratio. This response corresponds to twentieth-century intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) increases of 14 ± 10 and 22 ± 6% at broadleaf and coniferous sites, respectively. An ensemble of process-based global vegetation models shows similar CO2 effects on iWUE trends. Yet, when operating these models with climate drivers reintroduced, despite decreased stomatal opening, 5% increases in European forest transpiration are calculated over the twentieth century. This counterintuitive result arises from lengthened growing seasons, enhanced evaporative demand in a warming climate, and increased leaf area, which together oppose effects of CO2-induced stomatal closure. Our study questions changes to the hydrological cycle, such as reductions in transpiration and air humidity, hypothesized to result from plant responses to anthropogenic emissions.
000190231 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255$$a255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction (POF3-255)$$cPOF3-255$$fPOF III$$x0
000190231 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255$$a255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction (POF3-255)$$cPOF3-255$$fPOF III$$x1
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000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPoulter, B.$$b1$$eCorresponding Author
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSaurer, M.$$b2
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aEsper, J.$$b3
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHuntingford, C.$$b4
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHelle, G.$$b5
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTreydte, K.$$b6
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aZimmermann, N. E.$$b7
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129572$$aSchleser, Gerhard, Hans$$b8
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAhlström, A.$$b9
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCiais, P.$$b10
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFriedlingstein, P.$$b11
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLevis, S.$$b12
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLomas, M.$$b13
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSitch, S.$$b14
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aViovy, N.$$b15
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAndreu-Hayles, L.$$b16
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBednarz, Z.$$b17
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBerninger, F.$$b18
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBoettger, T.$$b19
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aD‘Alessandro, C. M.$$b20
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDaux, V.$$b21
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFilot, M.$$b22
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGrabner, M.$$b23
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGutierrez, E.$$b24
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHaupt, M.$$b25
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHilasvuori, E.$$b26
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aJungner, H.$$b27
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKalela-Brundin, M.$$b28
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKrapiec, M.$$b29
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLeuenberger, M.$$b30
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLoader, N. J.$$b31
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMarah, H.$$b32
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMasson-Delmotte, V.$$b33
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPazdur, A.$$b34
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPawelczyk, S.$$b35
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPierre, M.$$b36
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPlanells, O.$$b37
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPukiene, R.$$b38
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aReynolds-Henne, C. E.$$b39
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRinne, K. T.$$b40
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSaracino, A.$$b41
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSonninen, E.$$b42
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aStievenard, M.$$b43
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSwitsur, V. R.$$b44
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSzczepanek, M.$$b45
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSzychowska-Krapiec, E.$$b46
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTodaro, L.$$b47
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWaterhouse, J. S.$$b48
000190231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWeigl, M.$$b49
000190231 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2603450-5$$a10.1038/nclimate2614$$p579–583$$tNature climate change$$v5$$x1758-6798$$y2015
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