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@ARTICLE{Frank:190231,
      author       = {Frank, D. C. and Poulter, B. and Saurer, M. and Esper, J.
                      and Huntingford, C. and Helle, G. and Treydte, K. and
                      Zimmermann, N. E. and Schleser, Gerhard, Hans and Ahlström,
                      A. and Ciais, P. and Friedlingstein, P. and Levis, S. and
                      Lomas, M. and Sitch, S. and Viovy, N. and Andreu-Hayles, L.
                      and Bednarz, Z. and Berninger, F. and Boettger, T. and
                      D‘Alessandro, C. M. and Daux, V. and Filot, M. and
                      Grabner, M. and Gutierrez, E. and Haupt, M. and Hilasvuori,
                      E. and Jungner, H. and Kalela-Brundin, M. and Krapiec, M.
                      and Leuenberger, M. and Loader, N. J. and Marah, H. and
                      Masson-Delmotte, V. and Pazdur, A. and Pawelczyk, S. and
                      Pierre, M. and Planells, O. and Pukiene, R. and
                      Reynolds-Henne, C. E. and Rinne, K. T. and Saracino, A. and
                      Sonninen, E. and Stievenard, M. and Switsur, V. R. and
                      Szczepanek, M. and Szychowska-Krapiec, E. and Todaro, L. and
                      Waterhouse, J. S. and Weigl, M.},
      title        = {{W}ater-use efficiency and transpiration across {E}uropean
                      forests during the {A}nthropocene},
      journal      = {Nature climate change},
      volume       = {5},
      issn         = {1758-6798},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Nature Publ. Group},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-03151},
      pages        = {579–583},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {The Earth’s carbon and hydrologic cycles are intimately
                      coupled by gas exchange through plant stomata1, 2, 3.
                      However, uncertainties in the magnitude4, 5, 6 and
                      consequences7, 8 of the physiological responses9, 10 of
                      plants to elevated CO2 in natural environments hinders
                      modelling of terrestrial water cycling and carbon storage11.
                      Here we use annually resolved long-term δ13C tree-ring
                      measurements across a European forest network to reconstruct
                      the physiologically driven response of intercellular CO2
                      (Ci) caused by atmospheric CO2 (Ca) trends. When removing
                      meteorological signals from the δ13C measurements, we find
                      that trees across Europe regulated gas exchange so that for
                      one ppmv atmospheric CO2 increase, Ci increased by ~0.76
                      ppmv, most consistent with moderate control towards a
                      constant Ci/Ca ratio. This response corresponds to
                      twentieth-century intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE)
                      increases of 14 ± 10 and 22 ± $6\%$ at broadleaf and
                      coniferous sites, respectively. An ensemble of process-based
                      global vegetation models shows similar CO2 effects on iWUE
                      trends. Yet, when operating these models with climate
                      drivers reintroduced, despite decreased stomatal opening,
                      $5\%$ increases in European forest transpiration are
                      calculated over the twentieth century. This counterintuitive
                      result arises from lengthened growing seasons, enhanced
                      evaporative demand in a warming climate, and increased leaf
                      area, which together oppose effects of CO2-induced stomatal
                      closure. Our study questions changes to the hydrological
                      cycle, such as reductions in transpiration and air humidity,
                      hypothesized to result from plant responses to anthropogenic
                      emissions.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255) / 255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to
                      Prediction (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000356814800036},
      doi          = {10.1038/nclimate2614},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/190231},
}