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@ARTICLE{Minet:19605,
      author       = {Minet, J. and Lambot, S. and Delaide, G. and Huisman, J.A.
                      and Vereecken, H. and Vanclooster, M.},
      title        = {{A} {G}eneralized {F}requency {D}omain {R}eflectometry
                      {M}odeling {T}echnique for {S}oil {E}lectrical {P}roperties
                      {D}etermination},
      journal      = {Vadose zone journal},
      volume       = {9},
      issn         = {1539-1663},
      address      = {Madison, Wis.},
      publisher    = {SSSA},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-19605},
      pages        = {1063 - 1072},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {This work was supported by the Belgian Science Policy
                      Office in the frame of the Stereo II program-project
                      SR/00/100 (HYDRASENS), the DIGISOIL project financed by the
                      European Commission under the 7th Framework Program for
                      Research and Technological Development, Area "Environment",
                      Activity 6.3 "Environmental Technologies", and the Fonds de
                      la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS, Belgium). The authors are
                      grateful to David Robinson and two anonymous reviewers for
                      their constructive comments.},
      abstract     = {We have developed a generalized frequency domain
                      reflectometry (FDR) technique for soil characterization that
                      is based on an electromagnetic model decoupling the cable
                      and probe head from the ground using frequency-dependent
                      reflection and transmission transfer functions. The FDR
                      model represents an exact solution of Maxwell's equations
                      for wave propagation in one-dimensional multilayered media.
                      The benefit of the decoupling is that the FDR probe can be
                      fully described by its characteristic transfer functions,
                      which are determined using only a few measurements. The soil
                      properties are retrieved after removing the probe effects
                      from the raw FDR data by iteratively inverting a global
                      reflection coefficient. The proposed method was validated
                      under laboratory conditions for measurements in water with
                      different salt concentrations and sand with different water
                      contents. For the salt water, inversions of the data led to
                      dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity values
                      very close to the expected theoretical or measured values.
                      In the frequency range for which the probe is efficient, a
                      good agreement was obtained between measured, inverted and
                      theoretically predicted signals. For the sand, results were
                      consistent with the different water contents and also in
                      close agreement with traditional time domain reflectometry
                      measurements. The proposed method offers great promise for
                      accurate soil electrical characterization because it
                      inherently permits maximization of the information that can
                      be retrieved from the FDR data and shows a high
                      practicability.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences / Soil Science / Water Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000287739800023},
      doi          = {10.2136/vzj2010.0004},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/19605},
}