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@ARTICLE{Nichol:19650,
      author       = {Nichol, C.J. and Pieruschka, R. and Takayama, K. and
                      Förser, B. and Kolber, Z. and Rascher, U. and Grace, J. and
                      Robinson, S.A. and Pogson, B. and Osmond, B.},
      title        = {{C}anopy conundrums: building on the {B}iosphere 2
                      experience to scale measurements of inner and outer canopy
                      photoprotection from the leaf to the landscape},
      journal      = {Functional plant biology},
      volume       = {39},
      issn         = {1445-4408},
      address      = {Collingwood, Victoria},
      publisher    = {CSIRO Publ.},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-19650},
      pages        = {1 - 24},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {The unique opportunity to advance experimental ecosystem
                      and climate change research in B2 L owed most to support
                      from Edward P Bass (the owner of Biosphere 2), to visionary
                      leadership from Michael Crow (then Executive Vice-Provost
                      and Director of the Earth Institute, Columbia University)
                      and to the huge 'can do' effort from many skilled
                      technicians, engineers and researchers. We are grateful to
                      Tony Kendle, Foundation Director of the Eden Project, for
                      access to that facility and to Donald Murray (Curator) and
                      Dina Gallick (Team Leader) of the Tropical Biome for
                      assistance with location of specimens and support with
                      sampling protocols. Field measurements in avocado orchards
                      were facilitated by the management of the 'The House without
                      Steps' (Alstonville NSW) and by John Leonardi (Avocados
                      Australia). Joe Berry (Carnegie Institution for Science,
                      Department of Global Ecology, Stanford) and Uli Schurr
                      (Forschungszentrum Julich) have continued to explore
                      applications of LIFT (Mk2). At ANU, Caroline Nichol held an
                      International Outgoing Travel Grant from the Royal Society
                      of London and her PRI Hyperion work was funded by a UK
                      Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) standard grant
                      NE/F017294/1. Roland Pieruschka was supported by a Marie
                      Curie Outgoing Fellowship (041060-LIFT). Pigment analyses
                      were supported by Australian Research Council grants
                      (DP0666289 to CBO and CE056195 to BJP), a start up grant
                      from the University of Wollongong and we thank Peter
                      Anderson, University of Edinburgh for his assistance.
                      Helpful discussions with and advice from, Shizue Matsubara
                      and Hendrik Poorter, Forschungszentrum Julich were much
                      appreciated. Some themes in this review were presented by
                      Barry Osmond in the J.G. Wood lecture to the combined
                      meeting of the Australian Society of Plant Scientists and
                      New Zealand Society of Plant Physiologists, Christchurch,
                      December 2009.},
      abstract     = {Recognising that plant leaves are the fundamental
                      productive units of terrestrial vegetation and the
                      complexity of different environments in which they must
                      function, this review considers a few of the ways in which
                      these functions may be measured and potentially scaled to
                      the canopy. Although canopy photosynthetic productivity is
                      clearly the sum of all leaves in the canopy, we focus on the
                      quest for 'economical insights' from measurements that might
                      facilitate integration of leaf photosynthetic activities
                      into canopy performance, to better inform modelling based on
                      the 'insights of economics'. It is focussed on the
                      reversible downregulation of photosynthetic efficiency in
                      response to light environment and stress and summarises
                      various xanthophyll-independent and dependent forms of
                      photoprotection within the inner and outer canopy of woody
                      plants. Two main themes are developed. First, we review
                      experiments showing the retention of leaves that grow old in
                      the shade may involve more than the 'payback times' required
                      to recover the costs of their construction and maintenance.
                      In some cases at least, retention of these leaves may
                      reflect selection for distinctive properties that contribute
                      to canopy photosynthesis through utilisation of sun flecks
                      or provide 'back up' capacity following damage to the outer
                      canopy. Second, we report experiments offering hope that
                      remote sensing of photosynthetic properties in the outer
                      canopy (using chlorophyll fluorescence and spectral
                      reflectance technologies) may overcome problems of access
                      and provide integrated measurements of these properties in
                      the canopy as a whole. Finding appropriate tools to scale
                      photosynthesis from the leaf to the landscape still presents
                      a challenge but this synthesis identifies some measurements
                      and criteria in the laboratory and the field that improve
                      our understanding of inner and outer canopy processes.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Plant Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000299052100001},
      doi          = {10.1071/FP11255},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/19650},
}