TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kleusch, C.
AU  - Hersch, N.
AU  - Hoffmann, B.
AU  - Merkel, R.
AU  - Csiszar, A.
TI  - Fluorescent lipids: functional parts of fusogenic liposomes and tools for cell membrane labeling and visualization
JO  - Molecules
VL  - 17
SN  - 1420-3049
CY  - Basel
PB  - MDPI
M1  - PreJuSER-19786
SP  - 1055 - 1073
PY  - 2012
N1  - We thank Gerhild van Echten-Deckert for helpful discussions and Simon Ludwanowski, who produced many of the fusogenic liposomes used in this study. Our work was fully funded by the Helmholtz Association.
AB  - In this paper a rapid and highly efficient method for controlled incorporation of fluorescent lipids into living mammalian cells is introduced. Here, the fluorescent molecules have two consecutive functions: First, they trigger rapid membrane fusion between cellular plasma membranes and the lipid bilayers of their carrier particles, so called fusogenic liposomes, and second, after insertion into cellular membranes these molecules enable fluorescence imaging of cell membranes and membrane traffic processes. We tested the fluorescent derivatives of the following essential membrane lipids for membrane fusion: Ceramide, sphingomyelin, phosphocholine, phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate, ganglioside, cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester. Our results show that all probed lipids could more efficiently be incorporated into the plasma membrane of living cells than by using other methods. Moreover, labeling occurred in a gentle manner under classical cell culture conditions reducing cellular stress responses. Staining procedures were monitored by fluorescence microscopy and it was observed that sphingolipids and cholesterol containing free hydroxyl groups exhibit a decreased distribution velocity as well as a longer persistence in the plasma membrane compared to lipids without hydroxyl groups like phospholipids or other artificial lipid analogs. After membrane staining, the fluorescent molecules were sorted into membranes of cell organelles according to their chemical properties and biological functions without any influence of the delivery system.
KW  - Animals
KW  - CHO Cells
KW  - Cell Membrane: chemistry
KW  - Cell Survival: drug effects
KW  - Cricetinae
KW  - Fibroblasts: chemistry
KW  - Fluorescent Dyes: chemistry
KW  - Intracellular Membranes: chemistry
KW  - Liposomes: chemistry
KW  - Membrane Fusion: drug effects
KW  - Membrane Lipids: chemistry
KW  - Membrane Lipids: pharmacology
KW  - Organelles: chemistry
KW  - Rats
KW  - Rats, Wistar
KW  - Staining and Labeling: methods
KW  - Fluorescent Dyes (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Liposomes (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Membrane Lipids (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - J (WoSType)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:22267193
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000299535700072
DO  - DOI:10.3390/molecules17011055
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/19786
ER  -