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@ARTICLE{Kleusch:19786,
      author       = {Kleusch, C. and Hersch, N. and Hoffmann, B. and Merkel, R.
                      and Csiszar, A.},
      title        = {{F}luorescent lipids: functional parts of fusogenic
                      liposomes and tools for cell membrane labeling and
                      visualization},
      journal      = {Molecules},
      volume       = {17},
      issn         = {1420-3049},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-19786},
      pages        = {1055 - 1073},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {We thank Gerhild van Echten-Deckert for helpful discussions
                      and Simon Ludwanowski, who produced many of the fusogenic
                      liposomes used in this study. Our work was fully funded by
                      the Helmholtz Association.},
      abstract     = {In this paper a rapid and highly efficient method for
                      controlled incorporation of fluorescent lipids into living
                      mammalian cells is introduced. Here, the fluorescent
                      molecules have two consecutive functions: First, they
                      trigger rapid membrane fusion between cellular plasma
                      membranes and the lipid bilayers of their carrier particles,
                      so called fusogenic liposomes, and second, after insertion
                      into cellular membranes these molecules enable fluorescence
                      imaging of cell membranes and membrane traffic processes. We
                      tested the fluorescent derivatives of the following
                      essential membrane lipids for membrane fusion: Ceramide,
                      sphingomyelin, phosphocholine,
                      phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate, ganglioside, cholesterol,
                      and cholesteryl ester. Our results show that all probed
                      lipids could more efficiently be incorporated into the
                      plasma membrane of living cells than by using other methods.
                      Moreover, labeling occurred in a gentle manner under
                      classical cell culture conditions reducing cellular stress
                      responses. Staining procedures were monitored by
                      fluorescence microscopy and it was observed that
                      sphingolipids and cholesterol containing free hydroxyl
                      groups exhibit a decreased distribution velocity as well as
                      a longer persistence in the plasma membrane compared to
                      lipids without hydroxyl groups like phospholipids or other
                      artificial lipid analogs. After membrane staining, the
                      fluorescent molecules were sorted into membranes of cell
                      organelles according to their chemical properties and
                      biological functions without any influence of the delivery
                      system.},
      keywords     = {Animals / CHO Cells / Cell Membrane: chemistry / Cell
                      Survival: drug effects / Cricetinae / Fibroblasts: chemistry
                      / Fluorescent Dyes: chemistry / Intracellular Membranes:
                      chemistry / Liposomes: chemistry / Membrane Fusion: drug
                      effects / Membrane Lipids: chemistry / Membrane Lipids:
                      pharmacology / Organelles: chemistry / Rats / Rats, Wistar /
                      Staining and Labeling: methods / Fluorescent Dyes (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Liposomes (NLM Chemicals) / Membrane Lipids
                      (NLM Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICS-7},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-7-20110106},
      pnm          = {BioSoft: Makromolekulare Systeme und biologische
                      Informationsverarbeitung},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK505},
      shelfmark    = {Chemistry, Organic},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:22267193},
      UT           = {WOS:000299535700072},
      doi          = {10.3390/molecules17011055},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/19786},
}