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@ARTICLE{Kaiser:20055,
      author       = {Kaiser, J.W. and Heil, A. and Andreae, M.O. and Benedetti,
                      A. and Chubarova, N. and Jones, L. and Morcrette, J.-J. and
                      Razinger, M. and Schultz, M.G. and Suttie, M. and van der
                      Werf, G.R.},
      title        = {{B}iomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire
                      assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power},
      journal      = {Biogeosciences},
      volume       = {9},
      issn         = {1726-4170},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-20055},
      pages        = {527 - 554},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {We thank Hugo Dernier van der Gon, Zig Klimont, Stefan
                      Kinne for valuable discussions and Mikhail A. Sviridenkov
                      for AERONET AOD observations from Zvenigorod. We thank NASA
                      for providing the MODIS data, and the AERONET PIs and their
                      staff for establishing and maintaining the sites in Minsk,
                      $Bucharest_Inoe$ and Sevastopol. This research was supported
                      by the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme (MACC
                      project, contract number 218793).},
      abstract     = {The Global Fire Assimilation System (GFASv1.0) calculates
                      biomass burning emissions by assimilating Fire Radiative
                      Power (FRP) observations from the MODIS instruments onboard
                      the Terra and Aqua satellites. It corrects for gaps in the
                      observations, which are mostly due to cloud cover, and
                      filters spurious FRP observations of volcanoes, gas flares
                      and other industrial activity. The combustion rate is
                      subsequently calculated with land cover-specific conversion
                      factors. Emission factors for 40 gas-phase and aerosol trace
                      species have been compiled from a literature survey. The
                      corresponding daily emissions have been calculated on a
                      global 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees grid from 2003 to the
                      present. General consistency with the Global Fire Emission
                      Database version 3.1 (GFED3.1) within its accuracy is
                      achieved while maintaining the advantages of an FRP-based
                      approach: GFASv1.0 makes use of the quantitative information
                      on the combustion rate that is contained in the FRP
                      observations, and it detects fires in real time at high
                      spatial and temporal resolution. GFASv1.0 indicates omission
                      errors in GFED3.1 due to undetected small fires. It also
                      exhibits slightly longer fire seasons in South America and
                      North Africa and a slightly shorter fire season in Southeast
                      Asia. GFASv1.0 has already been used for atmospheric
                      reactive gas simulations in an independent study, which
                      found good agreement with atmospheric observations. We have
                      performed simulations of the atmospheric aerosol
                      distribution with and without the assimilation of MODIS
                      aerosol optical depth (AOD). They indicate that the
                      emissions of particulate matter need to be boosted by a
                      factor of 2-4 to reproduce the global distribution of
                      organic matter and black carbon. This discrepancy is also
                      evident in the comparison of previously published top-down
                      and bottom-up estimates. For the time being, a global
                      enhancement of the particulate matter emissions by 3.4 is
                      recommended. Validation with independent AOD and PM10
                      observations recorded during the Russian fires in summer
                      2010 show that the global Monitoring Atmospheric Composition
                      and Change (MACC) aerosol model with GFASv1.0 aerosol
                      emissions captures the smoke plume evolution well when
                      organic matter and black carbon are enhanced by the
                      recommended factor. In conjunction with the assimilation of
                      MODIS AOD, the use of GFASv1.0 with enhanced emission
                      factors quantitatively improves the forecast of the aerosol
                      load near the surface sufficiently to allow air quality
                      warnings with a lead time of up to four days.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima / MACC - Monitoring Atmospheric
                      Composition and Climate (218793)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK491 / G:(EU-Grant)218793},
      shelfmark    = {Ecology / Geosciences, Multidisciplinary},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000300229000035},
      doi          = {10.5194/bg-9-527-2012},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/20055},
}