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@ARTICLE{Werner:20067,
      author       = {Werner, C.J. and Stöcker, T. and Kellermann, T. and Bath,
                      J. and Beldoch, M. and Schneider, F. and Wegener, H.P. and
                      Shah, N.J. and Neuner, I.},
      title        = {{A}ltered motor network activation and functional
                      connectivity in adult {T}ourette's syndrome},
      journal      = {Human brain mapping},
      volume       = {32},
      issn         = {1065-9471},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-20067},
      pages        = {2014 - 2026},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {Contract grant sponsor: Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen
                      University (Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule),
                      Aachen, Germany; Contract grant sponsor: German Ministry for
                      Education and Research (BMBF) and Siemens.},
      abstract     = {Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a developmental
                      neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal
                      tics as well as psychiatric comorbidities. Disturbances of
                      the fronto-striatal-thalamic pathways responsible for motor
                      control and impulse inhibition have been previously
                      described in other studies. Although differences in motor
                      performance are well recognized, imaging data elucidating
                      the neuronal correlates are scarce. Here, we examined 19
                      adult TS patients (13 men, aged 22-52 years, mean = 34.3
                      years) and 18 age- and sex-matched controls (13 men, aged
                      24-57 years, mean = 37.6 years) in a functional magnetic
                      resonance imaging study at 1.5 T. We corrected for possible
                      confounds introduced by tics, motion, and brain-structural
                      differences as well as age, sex, comorbidities, and
                      medication. Patients and controls were asked to perform a
                      sequential finger-tapping task using their right, left, and
                      both hands, respectively. Task performance was monitored by
                      simultaneous MR-compatible video recording. Although
                      behavioral data obtained during scanning did not show
                      significant differences across groups, we observed
                      differential neuronal activation patterns depending on both
                      handedness (dominant vs. nondominant) and tapping frequency
                      in frontal, parietal, and subcortical areas. When
                      controlling for open motor performance, a failure of
                      deactivation in easier task conditions was found in the
                      subgenual cingulate cortex in the TS patients. In addition,
                      performance-related functional connectivity of lower- and
                      higher-order motor networks differed between patients and
                      controls. In summary, although open performance was
                      comparable, patients showed different neuronal networks and
                      connectivity patterns when performing increasingly demanding
                      tasks, further illustrating the impact of the disease on the
                      motor system.},
      keywords     = {Adult / Aging: physiology / Cerebral Cortex: pathology /
                      Cognition: physiology / Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
                      Mental Disorders / Female / Humans / Image Processing,
                      Computer-Assisted / International Classification of Diseases
                      / Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Male / Middle Aged / Motor
                      Neurons: physiology / Nerve Net: pathology / Neural
                      Pathways: pathology / Principal Component Analysis /
                      Psychomotor Performance: physiology / Tourette Syndrome:
                      pathology / Tourette Syndrome: psychology / Young Adult / J
                      (WoSType)},
      cin          = {INM-4 / ZEL},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-4-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)ZEL-20090406},
      pnm          = {Neurowissenschaften},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK255},
      shelfmark    = {Neurosciences / Neuroimaging / Radiology, Nuclear Medicine
                      $\&$ Medical Imaging},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:21259388},
      UT           = {WOS:000296850700020},
      doi          = {10.1002/hbm.21175},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/20067},
}