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@ARTICLE{Urbain:200799,
      author       = {Urbain, Felix and Smirnov, Vladimir and Becker, Jan Philipp
                      and Rau, Uwe and Ziegler, Jürgen and Kaiser, Bernhard and
                      Jaegermann, Wolfram and Finger, Friedhelm},
      title        = {{A}pplication and modeling of an integrated amorphous
                      silicon tandem based device for solar water splitting},
      journal      = {Solar energy materials $\&$ solar cells},
      volume       = {140},
      issn         = {0927-0248},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {North Holland},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-03192},
      pages        = {275 - 280},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion via water splitting was
                      demonstrated in an integrated photovoltaic–electrochemical
                      (PV–EC) device using a hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin
                      film tandem junction (a-Si:H/a-Si:H) solar cell as
                      photocathode. The solar cell was adapted to provide
                      sufficient photovoltage to drive both the hydrogen and
                      oxygen evolution reactions. The best results, in terms of
                      photoelectrochemical stability and performance, were
                      obtained with an Ag/Pt layer stack as H2 evolving
                      photocathode back contact and with a RuO2 counter electrode
                      for O2 evolution. Under irradiation by simulated sunlight
                      (AM 1.5 spectrum with 100 mW/cm2), we achieved $6.8\%$
                      solar-to-hydrogen efficiency at 0 V applied bias in a
                      two-electrode set-up. This sets a fresh benchmark for
                      integrated thin film silicon tandem based
                      photoelectrochemical devices. In addition, the photovoltage
                      at constant current (−3 mA/cm2) was measured over a
                      prolonged period of time and revealed an excellent chemical
                      stability (operation over 50 h) of the photocathode.
                      Furthermore, we present an empirical serial circuit model of
                      the PV–EC device, in which the corresponding photovoltaic
                      and electrochemical components are decoupled. This allows
                      for a detailed comparison between the solar cell and the
                      PV–EC cell characteristics, from which the relevant loss
                      processes in the overall system could be identified. The
                      model was further used to compare calculated and measured
                      photocurrent–voltage characteristics of the investigated
                      PV–EC device which showed excellent agreement.},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {126 - Solar Fuels (POF3-126) / 121 - Solar cells of the
                      next generation (POF3-121) / HITEC - Helmholtz
                      Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate
                      Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-126 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121 /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000356746800036},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.solmat.2015.04.013},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/200799},
}