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@PHDTHESIS{Greven:200841,
      author       = {Greven, Beatriz Cela},
      title        = {{G}lass-{C}eramic {S}ealant {R}einforcementfor
                      {H}igh-{T}emperature {A}pplications},
      volume       = {255},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-03221},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-042-5},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {xi, 119 S.},
      year         = {2015},
      note         = {RWTH Aachen, Diss., 2015},
      abstract     = {In the development of solid oxide fuel cells, the
                      components most in need of improvement are still the
                      sealants. Over the last decade, several types of sealants
                      have been investigated for use under high temperatures, such
                      as compressive, compliant, and rigidly bonded seals. Of
                      these three types, rigidly bonded glass-ceramic seals are
                      the most promising. Their properties can be tailored to
                      match the requirements of SOFC sealants. These include the
                      coefficient of thermal expansion, joining temperature,
                      crystallization behavior, electrical insulation, and
                      gas-tightness. Nevertheless, in the past, the developed
                      sealant compositions failed to demonstrate sufficient
                      mechanical strength. This property is extremely important to
                      avoid catastrophic failure of the rigid seals during SOFC
                      operation. Additionally, there is a lack of standardized
                      methods to characterize the mechanical strength of joined
                      components in the research community. This makes it
                      difficult to rely on the results of the state of art
                      measurements, to reproduce them, and indeed to compare them.
                      In order to improve the mechanical strength of glass-ceramic
                      sealants, this work proposes reinforcing the glass-ceramic
                      sealant with different metallic and ceramic particles. A new
                      concept of laminate sealant, known as a multilayer design,
                      was developed in an attempt to combine the properties of two
                      types of composites in one joint. In addition, three
                      possible methods for mechanical strength characterization
                      were developed. The reinforcement concept is mainly based on
                      adding fillers to the glass matrixnamed “87”, which is a
                      composition from the system BaO-CaO-SiO$_{2}$. The chosen
                      fillers were metallic particles including nickel (Ni),
                      nickel-chromium (NiCr) (80-20), copper(Cu), and silver (Ag),
                      as well as ceramic fillers such as gadolinium-doped ceria
                      (CGO) particles and yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)
                      particles or fibers. These materials were tested in
                      different weight concentrations in the glass matrix to form
                      the composites. This approach showed that adding filler
                      materials (metallic or ceramic) improved the mechanical
                      strength values. The multilayer design was also proven to be
                      effective in combining the properties of two different
                      composite layers in one joint. Electrically insulating
                      samples with sufficient mechanical strength were produced
                      with single layers of reinforced sealant as well as with the
                      multilayer approach.},
      keywords     = {Dissertation (GND)},
      cin          = {ZEA-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-1-20090406},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/200841},
}