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@ARTICLE{Danielmeier:200989,
      author       = {Danielmeier, C. and Allen, E. A. and Jocham, G. and Onur,
                      Özgür and Eichele, T. and Ullsperger, M.},
      title        = {{A}cetylcholine mediates behavioral and neural post-error
                      control},
      journal      = {Current biology},
      volume       = {25},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {0960-9822},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Current Biology Ltd.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-03308},
      pages        = {1461-1468},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Humans often commit errors when they are distracted by
                      irrelevant information and no longer focus on what is
                      relevant to the task at hand. Adjustments following errors
                      are essential for optimizing goal achievement. The posterior
                      medial frontal cortex (pMFC), a key area for monitoring
                      errors, has been shown to trigger such post-error
                      adjustments by modulating activity in visual cortical areas.
                      However, the mechanisms by which pMFC controls sensory
                      cortices are unknown. We provide evidence for a mechanism
                      based on pMFC-induced recruitment of cholinergic projections
                      to task-relevant sensory areas. Using fMRI in healthy
                      volunteers, we found that error-related pMFC activity
                      predicted subsequent adjustments in task-relevant visual
                      brain areas. In particular, following an error, activity
                      increased in those visual cortical areas involved in
                      processing task-relevant stimulus features, whereas activity
                      decreased in areas representing irrelevant, distracting
                      features. Following treatment with the muscarinic
                      acetylcholine receptor antagonist biperiden, activity in
                      visual areas was no longer under control of error-related
                      pMFC activity. This was paralleled by abolished post-error
                      behavioral adjustments under biperiden. Our results reveal a
                      prominent role of acetylcholine in cognitive control that
                      has not been recognized thus far. Regaining optimal
                      performance after errors critically depends on top-down
                      control of perception driven by the pMFC and mediated by
                      acetylcholine. This may explain the lack of adaptivity in
                      conditions with reduced availability of cortical
                      acetylcholine, such as Alzheimer’s disease.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF3-572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000355556600020},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25959965},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.cub.2015.04.022},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/200989},
}