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@ARTICLE{Bauer:201172,
      author       = {Bauer, G. S.},
      title        = {{O}verview on spallation target design concepts and related
                      materials issues},
      journal      = {Journal of nuclear materials},
      volume       = {398},
      number       = {1-3},
      issn         = {0022-3115},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-03477},
      pages        = {19 - 27},
      year         = {2010},
      abstract     = {From a modest beginning of a few kW of beam power
                      spallation sources have now evolved into systems that must
                      be able to handle several MW, mostly delivered in short
                      pulses of less than microsecond duration. The high radiation
                      field and high instantaneous heat deposition which
                      spallation targets, in particular for the new high power
                      sources, are subject to have led to several different design
                      concepts which aim at circumventing or reducing the
                      deleterious effects on the materials in the targets.
                      Efficient cooling and high neutron source density are
                      competing requirements which can be best reconciled by
                      moving the target material out of the reaction zone and
                      removing the heat elsewhere before returning the material
                      back into the proton beam. One option is the use of a
                      flowing liquid metal, which has been the method of choice in
                      most of the recent spallation source designs, but requires
                      solutions to a variety of new problems, such as liquid metal
                      corrosion, cavitation erosion and e.g. in the case of PbBi,
                      or Pb, high temperature gradients. Using a rotating solid
                      target is an option in certain cases but still has to cope
                      with the instantaneous load levels. While it may help to
                      keep the average heat load and radiation damage in the
                      target material low and thus extend the target life time by
                      more than an order of magnitude, it still has its own design
                      and materials issues. Opportunities to carry out research in
                      this field are rather limited because the effects can hardly
                      be simulated off line and, apart from spallation targets in
                      operation, almost no facilities are available.},
      cin          = {JCNS-2 / PGI-4 / JARA-FIT},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-2-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-4-20110106 /
                      $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$},
      pnm          = {422 - Spin-based and quantum information (POF2-422) / 424 -
                      Exploratory materials and phenomena (POF2-424) / 542 -
                      Neutrons (POF2-542) / 544 - In-house Research with PNI
                      (POF2-544) / 54G - JCNS (POF2-54G24)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-422 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-424 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF2-542 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-544 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF2-54G24},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000276533100005},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.10.005},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/201172},
}